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'''Humans''', taxonomically referred to as '''''Homo sapiens''''' ([[Latin]] for "wise man") and known as '''ha''manune''''' (plural '''ha''manush''''') in the Forerunner era,<ref name="rebirth">'''Halo: Silentium''', ''[[Halo: Rebirth|Rebirth Narrative]]''</ref> are a [[sentience|sentient]] species native to [[Earth]]. A part of the [[Wikipedia:Primate|primate family]], they are the only extant species of a formerly diverse [[Wikipedia:Homo|genus]] of multiple species once classified as human. Members of the species, like some [[Covenant]] species, are four-limbed and bipedal, which enables them to walk upright on two legs and use their arms and hands (including opposable thumbs) to hold and manipulate objects such as tools. | '''Humans''', taxonomically referred to as '''''Homo sapiens''''' ([[Latin]] for "wise man") and known as '''ha''manune''''' (plural '''ha''manush''''') in the Forerunner era,<ref name="rebirth">'''Halo: Silentium''', ''[[Halo: Rebirth|Rebirth Narrative]]''</ref> are a [[sentience|sentient]] species native to [[Earth]]. A part of the [[Wikipedia:Primate|primate family]], they are the only extant species of a formerly diverse [[Wikipedia:Homo|genus]] of multiple species once classified as human. Members of the species, like some [[Covenant]] species, are four-limbed and bipedal, which enables them to walk upright on two legs and use their arms and hands (including opposable thumbs) to hold and manipulate objects such as tools. | ||
Over [[107,445 BCE|110,000 years ago]], humanity had achieved a [[Prehistoric human civilization|thriving interstellar civilization]] nearly on par with the [[Forerunner]]s, although their catastrophic defeat in the [[human-Forerunner wars]] would see them reduced to [[Erde-Tyrene civilization|a preindustrial state]] as hunter-gatherer tribes, forced to achieve technological sophistication again.<ref name="cryptum">'''Halo: Cryptum'''</ref> Thanks to the efforts of the Forerunner known as the [[Librarian]], however, humans were later elevated to the role of [[Reclaimer]]s, intended to inherit the [[Mantle]] the Forerunners used to hold. Humanity would not begin to rise from the confines of their homeworld until nearly 100,000 years later, with the re-invention of space travel in the mid-20th century and the beginning of space colonization in the later half of the 21st century. Following a series of [[Interplanetary War|violent conflicts]] across the [[Sol system]], humanity at large was brought under a single banner with the establishment of the [[Unified Earth Government]] in [[2170]]. Over a century later, the invention of the [[Shaw-Fujikawa Translight Engine]] heralded a new golden age for humanity: no longer confined to their home system, humans [[human colonies|spread across]] the neighboring stars.<ref name="xbox">'''[[Xbox.com/Halo]]'''</ref> | |||
At the end of the 25th century, this age of flourish was coming to an end, and the rising economic and political tensions across the colonies eventually culminated in a series of civil conflicts collectively known as the [[Insurrection]]. The war claimed millions of lives over the next three decades, but a far more dire threat loomed. In [[2525]], a theocratic alien hegemony known as the [[Covenant]] invaded the colony world of [[Harvest]], beginning the apocalyptic [[Human-Covenant War]].<ref name="xbox"/> For nearly three decades, humanity, under the emergency military governance of the [[United Nations Space Command]], was pushed back by the relentless Covenant war machine, until the tide turned in [[2552]]. With humanity teetering on the brink of extinction, the discovery of a Forerunner artifact known as [[Installation 04|Halo]] set in motion a course of events which would lead to the [[Great Schism|fragmentation]] and eventual destruction of the Covenant.<ref name="halo3">'''Halo 3'''</ref> | At the end of the 25th century, this age of flourish was coming to an end, and the rising economic and political tensions across the colonies eventually culminated in a series of civil conflicts collectively known as the [[Insurrection]]. The war claimed millions of lives over the next three decades, but a far more dire threat loomed. In [[2525]], a theocratic alien hegemony known as the [[Covenant]] invaded the colony world of [[Harvest]], beginning the apocalyptic [[Human-Covenant War]].<ref name="xbox"/> For nearly three decades, humanity, under the emergency military governance of the [[United Nations Space Command]], was pushed back by the relentless Covenant war machine, until the tide turned in [[2552]]. With humanity teetering on the brink of extinction, the discovery of a Forerunner artifact known as [[Installation 04|Halo]] set in motion a course of events which would lead to the [[Great Schism|fragmentation]] and eventual destruction of the Covenant.<ref name="halo3">'''Halo 3'''</ref> |