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There is more information available on this subject at Antimatter on the English Wikipedia.

Antimatter is the physical counterpart to matter. Antimatter consists of antiparticles which have the same mass as their matter counterparts but with a reversed charge. Antimatter annihilates upon contact with matter.

The Covenant use antimatter as a reactant in ordnance, namely antimatter charges. These charges were used in the Battle over Installation 04[1] and to destroy Athens Station, Malta Station, and nearly Cairo Station in the Battle for Earth.[2]

Certain Forerunner weapons use antimatter as well; the Z-390 incineration cannon, for example, fires antimatter embedded within streams of energized particles.[3] Converging beam cannons of the Sojourner-class dreadnought created paths for antimatter to pursue enemy starships.[4]

The UNSC has also placed an antimatter production facility on Mercury after the continuous usage of antimatter charges by the covenant for breaching unsc vessels, seeing the efficiency of antimatter, UNSC too adopted the same idea but instead use it as a counterpart for nuclear weapons.[5] These antimatter based weapons were used in Post-Covenant war UNSC frigates. But still, the UNSC has not figured out how to use the antimatter weapons with 100% efficiency due to the complex mechanism needed for the deployment of these weapons and safety from accidental blasts.[citation needed]

Sources

  1. ^ Halo: Combat Evolved, campaign level The Pillar of Autumn
  2. ^ Halo 2, campaign level Cairo Station
  3. ^ Halo 4: The Essential Visual Guide, page 101
  4. ^ Halo: Warfleet, page 80-81
  5. ^ Halo Mythos, The Interplanetary War, p. 51