Sangheili (language)/Silver: Difference between revisions

==Grammar and Morphology==

Sangheili includes an inclusive / exclusive distinction in its First Person plural pronouns for "we, us, ourselves" ("riin" for  "you and us" and "jaari" for  "us and not you").  The Sangheili language also recognizes both animate and inanimate entities, but the Third Person singular pronoun "mu" makes no gender distinction between "he" (masculine) and "she" (feminine), acting neutral as "it, itself, they".  

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These case particles are placed after a noun to indicate the role they play in a sentence. The ergative and absolutive are grammatical. The vocative case is used for direct address, while the rest pertain to locative functions.{{Ref/Twitter|Dedalvs|1511090947278311427|David J. Peterson|Quote=Cases are, in this case, little tags that let you know what role a noun plays in the sentence. Ergative and absolutive are grammatical; vocative is for direct address; the rest are locative. I’ll explain these.|D=6|M=04|Y=2022}}

Similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Siouan languages|Siouan]] or [[Wikipedia:Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan languages]] of the North and Middle Americas, Sangheili has instrumental prefixes that can transform verb bases into entirely new verbs.{{Ref/Twitter|Dedalvs|1511100010951110656|David J. Peterson|Quote=The other big table up there has less to do with grammar than the lexicon. The instrumental prefixes are used to derive new verbs from verb bases. It’s a little like how we have verbs like “deduce”, “produce”, “induce”, “adduce”, etc.|D=6|M=04|Y=2022}}

| gadi (lower mandible)

| with the lower mandible, with uncertainty

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! gha (y)-

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Sangheili has 8 tenses, but the meanings of those tenses vary depending on whether the verb is stative or dynamic.{{Ref/Twitter|Dedalvs|1511096373633970183|David J. Peterson|Quote=#Sangheili has 8 tenses, but the meanings of those tenses vary depending on whether the verb is stative or dynamic.|D=6|M=04|Y=2022}}

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! Declarative

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! Witnessed

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! Overheard

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! Prospective

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! !! Dynamic Verbs !! Stative Verbs !! Suffix

|-

| Reverse action || Contrary state || -eya

|-

|-

! Yes or No Question

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{| class="wikitable"

! Type !! Adjective !! Singular !! Plural !! Adverb

| tkha - ''it, that (over there)''|| athka - ''that (over there)''|| tkhaari - ''those (over there)''|| tkhaas - ''over there, yonder''

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| ba || aba || baari || baas

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|-

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==Sangheili lines & outtakes by David Peterson==

*''gha'' : what (pronoun)

*''ghaadi'' : where, in what place or position (See also: diibe)

*''ghaazhi'' : [causal conjunction]  (Because..., So..., For..., And if..., When...)

*''ghaina'' : (v.) to hear

*''khoya'' : wise

*''khuut'a'' : brother(s), kin

*''kkhaaya'' : (v.) to be worthy of

**''kkhaayeya'' : not worthy, hardly worth

*''ngani'' : need, must, will

*''ngeno'' : (v.) to save

*''nguuka'' : energy, spirit

*''nuju'' : weak, cowardly

*''nujut'u'' : weakness

*''tkhop'o'' : (v.) to name

**''tkhaadop'o'' : (Reduplicative Form)  were naming

*''tkhunga'' : (v.) to send, to deliver

*''tkhungat'u'' : herald, bearer

*''zaya'' : (v.) to expand

**''zaazaya'' : (Reduplicative Form)  were expanding

*''zhaan'' : day

*''zhiiqo'' : time, times  

*''has'' : sun

*''kkhago'' : ring, circle

*''lushkho'' : star

*''nga'' : nothing

*''ngatkhet'a'' : absent, missing

*''p'ekkha'' : (v.) to form, to shape

*''p'uko'' : book