M443 Caseless Full Metal Jacket

The 5x23mm M443 Caseless Full Metal Jacket (abbreviated M443 Caseless FMJ) is a type of .197-caliber projectile ammunition used by the United Nations Space Command in their M7 Caseless Submachine Gun.

Background
This ammunition is classified as "caseless," meaning it does not have a metallic casing surround the powder and sealing the bullet, propellant, and primer together. Instead of using this casing, the round uses a combustible adhesive to seal these components together. Because the chemical "casing" is vaporized when fired, there is no need to eject spent brass shell casings.

This feature is very beneficial. It reduces friction inside the magazine, one of the main causes of jamming in weapons. It also negates the need to expel brass casings, which also is a major cause of jamming, as mentioned above.

By a stroke of luck, this is important to a user wielding two M7s at once, such as a SPARTAN, who would not want to have hot brass flying in his or her face from the eject port of the weapon in his left hand. The projectile itself is "jacketed," or coated, in metal (possibly copper or steel) to aid in penetration of the target. "Caseless" rounds are actually embedded into the block of propellant, reducing their length, allowing more ammo to be stored in a smaller space.

Trivia

 * Real caseless weapons suffer from problems with "cooking off", which is when incredible temperatures result in a cartridge firing unintentionally. Since there is nothing insulating the combustible material from the heat (one of the uses of a brass casing), even regular temperatures in the firing could result in the cartridge going off, leading to damage to the weapon, possibly even the user, or even the weapon accidentally firing. The main way to prevent cooking-off in caseless weapons is by, electronic firing, but this system requires a battery, which may not be in constant supply in the battlefield. However, it could simply use a High Ignition Temperature Propellant similar to the modern G11 assault rifle.
 * The image of the M443 CFMJ round shown in the Art of Halo 3 and Halo Encyclopedia is incorrect. It shows the round literally embedded in a square block of propellant. In reality, the round would look like a bullet removed from its cartridge. The propelant is embedded in a cone-shaped cavity in the back of the bullet. When fired, the force of the propellant deforms the rear edge of the round, pressing against the barrel and sealing in the propelling gases.

Related Articles

 * United Nations Space Command
 * M7/Caseless Submachine Gun
 * M7S Caseless Submachine Gun