Meridian

"The Covenant glassed this planet in '48. It was a UNSC colony then, but we never came back. Run by a private corp now, chipping away the glass, making her livable."

- Spartan Holly Tanaka

Meridian is a human Outer Colony and the seventh natural satellite of the gas giant Hestia V in the Hestia system. Despite being located on the edges of human space, Meridian was a vibrant and thriving colony with a robust economy and an impressive population; mining and military production for the United Nations Space Command were known industries on the colony. Once a green world, the moon held a temperate climate and fertile land.

The Covenant eventually attacked the world in 2548 and, after a long battle that lasted for three years, Meridian was eventually glassed by the Covenant in 2551. Following the Human-Covenant War, Meridian was resettled by the Liang-Dortmund Corporation. Despite being a colony of the Unified Earth Government, Meridian became an independent colony following the Covenant War.

Colonization and early history
"Records indicate that 139 ships, carrying 70,003 souls arrived on this green ball in 2432. Since many of those settlers came from France, they named the first town Avignon, and established the colony of Meridian."

- The History of Meridian, presented by Free Frontier Education

Meridian was colonized in 2431 by humanity, and settled in 2432. One hundred and thirty-nine vessels carrying 70,003 colonists—most of which came from the country of France on Earth—arrived on Meridian and established the town of Avignon. Aided by colony support ships, Meridian colonists initially settled equatorial coastlands, before migrating to the moon's vast supercontinent, which would serve as the center of civilization for decades on Meridian. Early in the moon's history, there was a large debate over Meridian's future. While some of the world's population wished for Meridian's surface to remain untouched and largely undeveloped, others wanted to expand and build settlements across the world; the population divided themselves into two political parties known as the Stewards and the Prospector Party.

The debate between the two factions ended when rich mineral deposits were found in Meridian's Mathon Mountain Range, causing a rush of new development as many worked to gain a profit from the deposits. The discovery of the the mineral deposits led to early success for the Prospector Party, though the Stewards gained control of Meridian after a lengthy campaign referred to as the Free Patriot Movement in 2457. After years of discord, the Colonial Administration Authority eventually recognized the Stewards. Meridian also became a place of conflict during the Insurrection due to a number of antagonistic political ideologies, including the Sundered Legion of 2495. However, after five years of near-constant conflict on the world, insurrectionist forces were defeated by the United Nations Space Command at the Siege of Athea. Afterwards, military production became Meridian's primary source of revenue; notably, Meridian was the location of dozens of Chalybs Defense Solutions' facilities, including one in the city of Angoulême. Accepting contracts for the manufacturing of military equipment for the UNSC ensured economic prosperity throughout the world.

Human-Covenant War
"Almost immediately after Meridian was recaptured by the UEG, the Covenant arrived. Captain Edmund Persie of the UNSC Sevenfold Gates fought to the last, but was forced to order what few ships remained to fall back to the edge of the Hestia system. Within five hours of Captain Persie's retreat, Meridian was glassed, and all life there was eradicated."

- The History of Meridian, presented by Free Frontier Education

The Office of Naval Intelligence's Section Three had facilities on the moon, to which several SPARTAN-II augmentation chemical precursors were sent without Doctor Catherine Halsey's consent, likely in order to be researched for Project CHRYSANTHEMUM.

During the Human-Covenant War, Meridian was invaded by the Covenant in 2548. The Covenant, aware of Meridian's value to the UNSC, wished to cut off the world's supply lines that it provided to the rest of the UNSC. However, the UNSC resisted the attack with the aid of Meridian's impressive UNSC Air Force garrison and extensive orbital defensive grid. With conflict occurring for three years, the Covenant forces were eventually repelled.

However, shortly after the Unified Earth Government reclaimed the moon, the Covenant attacked the colony again in 2551. During the invasion, Chalybs Defense Solutions' facilities were abandoned, with many being destroyed. After the long Battle of Meridian, UNSC Navy forces at the world were forced to retreat to the edge of the system while a Covenant fleet began glassing the moon's surface. Towards the end of the battle, a small Covenant team discovered a massive Forerunner structure under Meridian's surface. In the structure, they discovered a Luminary, which they delivered to the High Prophet of Regret. The Luminary would later reveal the locations of the Halo rings, the Ark, and a slipspace portal to the Ark found on Earth. While the glassing resulted in the evaporation of oceans and the loss of most life of Meridian, the atmosphere remained somewhat breathable.

Post-Covenant War
"Meridian didn't get it too bad. They hit the human settlement hard, sure, and the plasma bombardment boiled some of the oceans off, but there was enough atmosphere to hold some steam in. Covies did a rush job, and the planet survived."

- William Khaleed

Following the Covenant War's end, Meridian was recolonized by the Liang-Dortmund Corporation, though the world remained independent from the Unified Earth Government. Using the colony support ships abandoned during the Covenant War to facilitate their work, Liang-Dortmund established a space elevator—Pinnacle Station—on the colony and hired workers to help resettle the moon and aid in the "deglassing" efforts; the settlers were comprised mainly of former Meridian residents wishing to rebuild their home or opportunists seeking profit. Smart AI Governor Sloan served as Liang-Dortmund's administrator and as the colony's governor, having been elected to the position by Meridian for two four-year terms. Settlers believed that it would take approximately twenty years to completely deglass the moon. Five days into the recolonization efforts, the colonists began digging through the glass to create a road from the space elevator to a newly created settlement—Meridian Station, with Apogee Station being established shortly after. At some point, a group of settlers discovered the extensive Forerunner structure under Meridian's surface near Apogee Station while attempting to deglass the land above it and began working to uncover it.

In 2558, while on a mission to secure Argent Moon, Cortana—a smart AI believed to have been destroyed in 2557—contacted Spartan-II John-117 of Blue Team through the Domain and directed him to Meridian. Going absent-without-leave to find Cortana, Blue Team was pursued by Spartan-IV Fireteam Osiris sent by the UNSC Security Council. On October 27, 2558, Blue Team had arrived at Meridian and landed at Apogee Station, where they discovered the world's Forerunner structure after entering nearby mines. Cortana led them deep into the structure, where a Guardian was located. Osiris followed and discovered that Meridian was under attack from Promethean forces led by the Warden Eternal, Cortana's ally. After defeating the Warden, Osiris confronted Blue Team, though the Spartan-IIs entered the Guardian and Cortana had it rise above Meridian's surface. As Osiris returned to the surface, the Guardian entered slipstream space en route for Genesis, while the Spartan-IVs left Meridian to determine Cortana's plans and Blue Team's location. After the event, the UNSC had apparently secured the world.

Topography
"The so-called glass is a mineral called lechatelierite. It is a result of the Covenant lances striking the surface of the planet with plasma, converting the topsoil to glass. Any attempt to make a glassed planet habitable would mean cutting the surface down to below the topsoil."

- An observer commenting on Meridian's surface

A small world with a diameter of 3,073 kilometers (1,909 miles), Meridian was once a green world with impressive, Earth-like features, which made the moon a prime target for human colonization. The world is home to a vast supercontinent, with verdant equatorial coastlands. Meridian residents enjoyed the world's temperate climate and fertile soil. Meridian was home to rich mineral deposits —particularly in the Mathon Mountain Range —that helped fuel the world's economy. However, after the Covenant glassed the world in 2551, Meridian's topsoil had been reduced to molten slag and soil covered by lechatelierite. The Covenant's glassing of Meridian had been been rushed; though the world's oceans had evaporated due to the heat of the plasma bombardment, Meridian's oxygen-nitrogen atmosphere remained relatively intact. Some lifeforms, such as small plants and arthropods, still thrived in caverns on the world. However, Meridian was now subject to extreme conditions and temperatures, with the surface temperature varying from -37°C to 43°C (-34.6°F to 109.4°F). Settlements on Meridian were forced to be outfitted with air filters, as much of the world's air was filled with tiny glass particles that proved dangerous to human lungs if enough were inhaled.

A high concentration of Forerunner artifacts exists on Meridian; their presence is known to the Office of Naval Intelligence. Beneath Meridian's surface, there was at least two vast Forerunner structures built into natural cave formations, though both structures were possibly connected. One structure contained a Luminary that had the location of the Halo Array, which was collected by the Covenant during their attack on the world in 2551. The second one was home to a Forerunner Guardian, as well as numerous host bodies of the Warden Eternal.

Locations

 * Angoulême
 * Apogee Station
 * Avignon
 * Mathon Mountain Range
 * McCord River
 * Meridian Station
 * Pinnacle Station

Government and politics
"Grew up on an indie colony like Meridian. Folks out here don't take kindly to the UNSC landing in the middle of town. Tend to see it as an act of aggression."

- Spartan Holly Tanaka, commenting on Meridian's relationship with the UNSC in 2558

Meridian was an Outer Colony under the administration of the Unified Earth Government. Due to Meridian's importance to the UEG, the world had a strong United Nations Space Command presence, with a large UNSC Air Force garrison and an extensive orbital defense grid. Early in Meridian's history, two political parties—the Stewards and the Prospector Party—debated over whether Meridian's surface should be left largely untouched or developed, respectively. Though the Prospector Party saw initial political success after the discovery of rich mineral deposits on Meridian, the Stewards eventually gained control of the world after their lengthy Free Patriot Movement campaign in 2457. The Stewards were later officially recognized by the Colonial Administration Authority. Despite the UNSC's strong presence on the moon, the Insurrection had some level of prominence on Meridian prior to the Human-Covenant War. The UNSC Navy's Office of Naval Intelligence also had several facilities on the world.

After Meridian's glassing during the Battle of Meridian in 2551, the UNSC did not to the world for the rest of the Covenant War. Meridian was eventually reclaimed by the Liang-Dortmund Corporation, who sought to resettle the world and make the moon habitable again. However, the UNSC believed the corporation was intent on claiming the entire world for themselves once it was recolonized. Despite Meridian's former loyalties with the UEG and UNSC, the world had become an independent colony that viewed the UNSC with antipathy and now saw a UNSC presence as an act of aggression. The colony's Liang-Dortmund overseer and leader was Governor Sloan, a smart AI that is suffering from onset rampancy as of 2558. Sloan was democratically elected as governor of the colony by the citizens of Meridian Station for two consecutive four-year terms. The corporation also provides Meridian with private security and is outfitted with a variety of UNSC military-grade equipment.

Economy
"Military production served as the colony's primary source of revenue, and the contract for the Scorpion MBT ensured Meridian's bright future."

- The History of Meridian, presented by Free Frontier Education

Relatively unusual for an Outer Colony on the edge of human space, Meridian was once home to a powerful and robust economy, that was initially fueled by many outsiders attracted by the world's rich culture and Earth-like features. Prior to the world's fall in 2551, Meridian was one of the most vibrant and fastest-growing colonies throughout all of human space. Military production for the Unified Earth Government and its United Nations Space Command served as the colony's primary source of revenue. Several military contractors took residence on Meridian; most notably, Chalybs Defense Solutions in 2479. CSD's contract for M808 Scorpion production ensured economic success across Meridian. CSD had several facilities across Meridian's surface, including in the city of Angoulême, though all facilities were either abandoned or destroyed by 2551. Meridian also had a powerful mining industry that began after rich mineral deposits were found in the Mathon Mountain Range, shortly after the world's colonization. During the Human-Covenant War, supply lines originating from Meridian provided the UNSC with equipment at other fronts in the war.

After Meridian's recolonization, a relatively small group of Liang-Dortmund Corporation contractors and resettlers attempted to rebuild the world's once prosperous economy. The corporation based their operations at the base of Meridian's sole remaining space elevator, Pinnacle Station, and established makeshift settlements such as Meridian Station. Liang-Dortmund has since established several mining platforms throughout Meridian, scouring for remaining rare metal and mineral deposits across the world's surface. By 2558, Meridian was regarded as a backwater world on the frontier.

Trivia
Despite being consistently depicted as a moon in all of its visual appearances, Meridian is often mistakenly referred to as a planet throughout Halo 5: Guardians as well as other sources.

List of appearances

 * Halo: Reach
 * Dr. Halsey's personal journal
 * Halo 2: Anniversary
 * Terminals
 * Hunt the Truth
 * A Hero Falls
 * The Hunt Begins
 * A Hero Falls
 * Halo 5: Guardians