National government

National governments, nations, or countries are a form of human government often controlling land on a planet or natural satellite.

Human nations often built monuments to those they perceived as heroes, usually in the defense of or the conquest of other nations.

Formation of the UEG
The national governments of Earth engaged in several colonial proxy-wars, one of which was the Interplanetary War in the 2100s. In 2163, multiple national naval and spaceborne expeditionary units were merged together to form the UNSC Marine Corps. Ultimately, the individual national governments on Earth were subsumed by a centralized Earth government known as the Unified Earth Government (UEG), which controlled the United Nations Space Command (UNSC).

26th-century
By the 26th century, nations still exist and officially control territories on Earth. The endonyms of several countries, including Hanguk and Deutschland, have been adopted into official usage alongside their exonyms. As well, the UEG recruited ODSTs from every nation in the UEG. At this time, the United Nations (UN) acted as an adjudicator of administrative tasks between nations. People originating from nation states at this point in time are also given national identity certification papers, something that at least Quito Space Tether security personnel are allowed to check.

Earth
Nations have historically controlled various territories on Earth. They were run from national capitals.

Colonies
Ganymede is divided into numerous habitat-states including Aigburth - the political chaos of which is regarded as entertaining, if not educational. The Jovian Habitats around Jupiter are considered Solar nations.