San'Shyuum

"Who would doubt the Prophets? What have they foretold that has not come to pass?"

- Prophet of Truth

San'Shyuum (Latin Perfidia vermis, meaning "worms of treachery" ), also known as Prophets by humans, are a near-extinct species native to Janjur Qom that, prior to the Great Schism, formerly served as the leadership caste of the Covenant. At that time, the San'Shyuum had exerted complete control over the Covenant's religious and political affairs.

The contemporary San'Shyuum civilization developed on a planet rich in artifacts left behind by the Forerunners, whom the Covenant would later revere as their gods. Prophets derive their legitimacy as leaders as well as their colloquial names from this connection. According to the San'Shyuum, their world was destroyed some 3,200 years ago as the result of a natural stellar collapse. Because of this, they elected to make their home on the mobile planetoid station High Charity.

The San'Shyuum waged a fierce and bloody war against the Sangheili between 938 and 852 BCE, halted only by their realization that the war would never come to an end. The two races united to learn their secrets, forming a mutually beneficial arrangement that would eventually become the Covenant, although they usually saw themselves above the Sangheili. The Sangheili became the protectors of the Prophets while the Prophets dedicated themselves to studying their "gods" and learning the secrets behind the "ascension" they left on.

After the activation of the Halo Array and the subsequent reseeding, the San'Shyuum population has diminished. While their population at the time of the reintroduction was 500,000,000, there were only 23,831,463 living San'Shyuum by 2552. After the Flood invasion of High Charity, the majority of their species was consumed, leaving less than a thousand alive. The few survivors soon vanished inexplicably.

Prehistory
Early on in their first spacefaring civilization, the San'Shyuum mined the clouds of cometary material surrounding their home system for starship fuel. Later, the San'Shyuum achieved remarkable technological sophistication, and after encountering the prehistoric human civilization, the San'Shyuum and the humans formed an alliance, based on the planet Charum Hakkor, forming a major power in the Orion Arm of the galaxy. During this period, they encountered the Flood for the first time, but the spread of the infection was successfully pushed back by their human allies while it was still relatively minor. The empire later collapsed when the San'Shyuum surrendered during the human-Forerunner wars.

Abandoning their hedonistic lifestyles for guidance under religious elders, the San'Shyuum were allowed by the Forerunners to colonize one other world but were kept in quarantine under the Confirmer and the Fortress-class vessel Deep Reverence. But as the Confirmer grew lax in his duties, the San'Shyuum began stockpiling weapons.

During the Forerunner-Flood war, the Librarian visited Janjur Qom to secure specimens of San'Shyuum for preservation from the Halo Array. The San'Shyuum elders correctly guessed that a catastrophe was imminent, and launched a short-lived uprising against their Forerunner overseers. All San'Shyuum on the planet were subsequently killed when a Halo was fired on a low power setting nearby. The surface of Janjur Qom remained scarred from the battle for tens of thousands of years to come and while the events themselves were forgotten, San'Shyuum myth held that their kind had once been punished for rebellion against their gods in the ancient past.

The Ark and reseeding
The San'Shyuum would be reseeded on their homeworld following the firing of the Halo Array. Having lost nearly all memory of the Forerunners, they discovered Forerunner technology on their homeworld and based their religion around the artifacts they found.

Civil war
The San'Shyuum who would later found the Covenant left their homeworld Janjur Qom due to a brutal civil war on their home planet. The conflict began when some San'Shyuum believed that they should enter into the Forerunner Dreadnought present on their planet and learn from its technology, even though much of the population believed that the ship was a sacred artifact and should not be interfered with. The two sides fighting in this war were the Stoics, or the San'Shyuum who refused to enter and desecrate the Dreadnought, and the Reformists, who wanted to develop new technologies by entering and studying the Dreadnought.

In 2100 BC, at the climax of the war, about a thousand Reformists broke into and commandeered the Dreadnought. The outraged Stoics were unable to take action, since even their fury toward the Reformists could not bring them to destroy the object of their reverence. The Reformists then took flight from the planet, breaking off a massive chunk of rock in doing so. This piece of rock would later become the foundation of High Charity, the Holy City of the Covenant.

Although the Reformists had achieved victory and left the Stoics (who sent out communication messages threatening that they would be damned for their impudence toward the gods) behind, they realized that they were doomed due to the small number that had joined their cause to control the Dreadnought. With an extremely small gene pool, they enacted strict controls around mating to prevent potentially disastrous inbreeding. The Stoics continued to inhabit Janjur Qom and developed Tier 5 technology on their own, still refusing to "desecrate" Forerunner artifacts. Later, the Covenant would covertly procure a small group of healthy females from Janjur Qom to ensure genetic diversity in the spacefaring San'Shyuum. The San'Shyuum in the Covenant would later maintain that Janjur Qom had been destroyed circa 648 BCE by its star going supernova, although this information could not be verified.

San'Shyuum-Sangheili War
The war between the Sangheili and the San'Shyuum began soon after their first encounter in 938 BCE. As with the San'Shyuum Stoics, the Sangheili believed that Forerunner technology should not be touched or used for personal gain, while the San'Shyuum believed that it should be reverse-engineered to further their own technology. Their first meeting resulted in a bloody engagement. Physically, the Sangheili were far superior - one Sangheili warrior was the equal to at least ten San'Shyuum. However, technologically, the San'Shyuum had the advantage: they had the Forerunner Dreadnought which proceeded to wipe out the Sangheili armada using hit-and-run tactics. Eventually, the Sangheili realized that their only chance for survival lay in using the Forerunner relics on their planet to engineer more effective weapons. This forced the Sangheili to abandon their convictions, and with the core reason of their conflict now gone, the two races united in 852 BCE to form the early Covenant, with the San'Shyuum as the head religious leaders and the Sangheili as the military backbone and defenders of the Prophets.

Fall of High Charity
With the outbreak of the Flood and its subsequent arrival on the holy city High Charity, the San'Shyuum will have had two extinction events visited upon them within a single great cycle. Only those individuals who were permanently posted somewhere other than their ersatz homeworld are certain to have survived. Even those who held some position within the Covenant fleet have no hope for survival, as the entire fleet was present at Installation 05 when the Sangheili quarantined it. This is also impacted by many Sangheili killing the San'Shyuum in an act of vengeance and/or honor. Their current total population is now estimated at less than one thousand.

Post-war
With their population at dangerously low levels following the loss of High Charity, and now having to contend with the wrath of their former guardians, the San'Shyuum gave their new Jiralhanae protectors access to all the technology they had. Immediately following the collapse of the Covenant and the end of the Human-Covenant War, however, the remaining San'Shyuum apparently vanished. The Sangheili had heard rumors that the San'Shyuum went on the Great Journey, but most disregarded them. As this coincided with the disappearance of most Huragok, others believed that the San'Shyuum may have taken the Huragok with them when they fled. By 2558, limited numbers of San'Shyuum continued to be encountered in humanity's and the former Covenant's sphere of influence in the galaxy.

Anatomy and physiology
San'Shyuum are a gangly, bipedal species, with very long necks and limbs. They evolved on a planet with low gravity, and tend to have some degree of difficulty moving in higher-gravity environments. Although young San'Shyuum are significantly stronger and more mobile, the majority of San'Shyuum in the Covenant are very elderly, and this combined with a life of physical inactivity leaves most of the Covenant's San'Shyuum withered and weak. As a result, most San'Shyuum wear some form of anti-gravity device. However, they are capable of moving unaided, if only for a brief period of time.

Prehistoric San'Shyuum were typically very lithe and muscular; both the Forerunners and humans considered the San'Shyuum to be very beautiful. Young adult San'Shyuum have shorter necks, more prominent noses and chins and closer eyes than their elder counterparts, resulting in a marked resemblance to humans, enough for the two species to find one another attractive. After their surrender in the human-Forerunner wars, the San'Shyuum began to place their trust in the wisdom of often-paraplegic elders, though their warriors retained the musculature for which their species was renowned. Millennia later, the San'Shyuum Reformists would come to adopt a similar sedentary lifestyle, although the Stoics who inhabited the San'Shyuum homeworld and remained noticeably more healthy and fit due to Janjur Qom's higher gravity and their genetic diversity.

San'Shyuum have distinct, often fur-covered lobes of skin hanging underneath their chin similar to a beard, known as "wattles". San'Shyuum also have hanging appendages on either side of their head; despite their resemblance to ears, San'Shyuum actually receive sound at the back of the head. They apparently give birth to live offspring.

San'Shyuum have three digits on each hand and are able, though typically unwilling, to use handheld weaponry. Their prehensile feet have two toes each, which are bent backward so that a San'Shyuum's weight is balanced on the knuckles of its feet. This unconventional foot structure further complicates their movement when they are not being supported by anti-gravity systems.

The lifespan of a San'Shyuum is extensive, largely as a result of advanced medical technology intended to ensure longevity. Such a process began in about 1552, approximately one thousand years before the collapse of the Covenant. Currently, more than a quarter of their population are now super-bicentenarians. Elder San'Shyuum in the Covenant were forced to use their herbal medicines regularly. The San'Shyuum were also remarkably long-lived by the time of the Forerunners; the First Prophet, for example, was over nine thousand years old by 100,000 BCE.

Culture
During the time of the Forerunners, the San'Shyuum culture was centered around the pursuit of beauty and pleasure. They were known throughout the galaxy for their hedonism, their beauty, and their skills at manipulating other races with their nearly universal appeal. Following their surrender in the human-Forerunner wars, however, their culture became centered around the guidance of elderly religious leaders known as prophets.

Before the Covenant was formed, a thousand or so Prophets called Reformers, who believed in using Forerunner technology for their use and wished to explore the Forerunner Dreadnought they had discovered, left their homeworld, leaving the Stoics (those who only wished to worship the technology and not explore the Dreadnought) stranded. The resulting calamity meant that the Covenant San'Shyuum population was reduced to a few thousand, forcing the species to carefully manage their gene pool to prevent the loss of beneficial genes and the introduction of undesirable traits, with individuals possessing negative recessive traits placed in the Roll of Celibates to prevent their breeding. The Prophet of Truth is on such a list. However, if they should have such sexual urges, the Prophets will use concubines. If such a pregnancy should occur, however, they must be aborted, or the children will be killed at birth and the father sterilized. The fertility cycles of female San'Shyuum are short and few and far between, which would make it difficult for San'Shyuum to have children. As a result, they would have a celebration called a Birthing Period when a child was conceived, which was very uncommon.

At least during the First Age of Conflict, the Reformist San'Shyuum possessed a caste system in which those born of a lower-caste brood were destined for a life of servitude as Stewards to their superiors, such as High Lords. The role of Steward continued to be in effect by 2552.

Role in the Covenant
The San'Shyuum hold a vital position in the Covenant because they are responsible for studying the holy Forerunner artifacts and using them to develop new technologies, and also because they manage political affairs and maintain order in the Covenant. They hold many seats on the Covenant High Council, formerly sharing this responsibility with the Sangheili and later the Jiralhanae.

At any given time, the Covenant is headed by a triumvirate of Prophets, known as the Hierarchs. The Prophet triumvirates known in recent years were Obligation, Tolerance and Restraint, and most recently Truth, Mercy, and Regret, all of whom are now deceased.

As the representatives of the gods, the Prophets held a great amount of power over the other races of the Covenant, earning reverential titles such as "Holy One" and "Eminence". They are protected at all times by the mighty legions of Honor Guards, and rarely involve themselves in combat, preferring to dedicate themselves to studying Forerunner artifacts. However, important events to the Covenant usually require a high-ranking Prophet, such as a Hierarch, to be present.

The majority of the San'Shyuum use an anti-gravity chair to support themselves, a more advanced form of the wheeled chairs they used before the activation of the Halo Array. Many San'Shyuum additionally don an antigravity belt for support while out of their chairs. Higher-ranking Prophets, such as the Hierarchs, use shielded anti-gravity thrones to support themselves. These however, are not so much for support as they are for personal defense - they are fitted with holographic emitters, an energy shield generator, a teleportation device, and built-in assault cannons. In the event of assassins getting past their guards, they are able to defend themselves quite well with the assault cannons.

Naming
At birth, San'Shyuum are given a first name and a family name. However, later in life, if they ascend to a certain level in the Covenant's political hierarchy, they prefer to be addressed by their title. San'Shyuum of different political positions may hold the spiritual title of Prophet by which their species is known; the title generally includes a trait the individual claims to possess. Some San'Shyuum are known by multiple cultural, political and religious titles; for example, Mken 'Scre'ah'ben held the titles of High Lord, Minister of Relic Safety and the Prophet of Inner Conviction. Upon their Ascension, San'Shyuum Hierarchs may select a regal name from a list of former High Prophets or choose their title based on the quality they wish to emulate. But this is not always the case. The Prophet of Truth chose the name "Truth" as a reminder to himself of the truths he must never tell, and the lies he would have to spin to prevent the Covenant from fragmenting.

Trivia

 * The High Prophets' names are almost always ironic counterpoints to their behavior. The Prophet of Truth was prone to lying, the Prophet of Mercy was very harsh towards others, the Prophet of Regret was headstrong and unapologetic, and the Prophet of Restraint stepped down as a result of high sexual exploits when it was forbidden for him to do so, therefore showing a lack of restraint.
 * The San'Shyuum are the only Covenant species that does not appear in Halo: Reach.
 * A prophet's blood is strikingly red, like that of a Human. This can be seen when the player melees the Prophet of Regret in Halo 2 and if the player shoots Truth's corpse in Halo 3.
 * At the time of the Human-Forerunner War, the San'Shyuum and Humans were strong allies. However, while the Humans were punished by being devolved and split into sub species, the San 'Shyuum were simply quarantined to their home system.

List of appearances

 * Halo: The Fall of Reach
 * Halo: The Flood
 * Adjunct
 * Halo: First Strike
 * Halo 2
 * Conversations from the Universe
 * Halo Graphic Novel
 * The Last Voyage of the Infinite Succor
 * Halo: Ghosts of Onyx
 * Halo: Uprising
 * Halo 3
 * Bestiarum
 * Halo: Contact Harvest
 * Halo: The Cole Protocol
 * Halo Wars: Genesis
 * Halo Wars
 * Halo 3: ODST
 * Halo: Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe
 * The Return
 * Wages of Sin


 * Halo Legends
 * Odd One Out
 * Origins
 * The Babysitter
 * The Duel
 * Halo: Cryptum
 * Halo: Fall of Reach
 * Boot Camp
 * Invasion
 * Halo: Glasslands
 * Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary
 * Halo: Primordium
 * Halo: The Thursday War
 * Halo: Silentium
 * Halo: Rebirth
 * Halo: Escalation
 * Halo: Mortal Dictata
 * Halo: Broken Circle
 * Halo 2 Anniversary
 * Terminals
 * Halo: New Blood
 * Halo 5: Guardians