M12 Warthog

"The Warthog is as much a part of the UNSC as boots, guns, and tasteless coffee."

- Halo Encyclopedia

The M12 Force Application Vehicle, more commonly known as the Warthog or simply the Hog, is a United Nations Space Command ground vehicle. Due to its versatility, the base M12 platform lends itself to many variants, the most ubiquitous model fielded by the UNSC Armed Forces being the M12 Light Reconnaissance Vehicle, which is equipped with a turret-mounted machine gun for a basic defensive capability.

The M12 FAV Warthog is the UNSC's primary ground vehicle, used for its scouting and reconnaissance capacity, or as an integral part of a mechanized infantry unit; the M12 has been a part of the UNSC's armored vehicle fleet for fifty years, and is the most recognizable vehicle in their arsenal. It is a highly mobile, all-wheel-drive, all-wheel-steering, hydrogen-injected ICE-powered vehicle equipped with a manual transmission.

Design details
The M12 is a four-wheel all-terrain vehicle capable of going over any obstacle without difficulty; under the hood the M12's power is generated by a forward-housed low-profile liquid-cooled hydrogen-injected ICE I/C plant, coupled with an automatic infinitely variable transmission (IVT). The hydrogen fuel is burned at very high temperature with a synthetic carbon/silicon catalyst to achieve even better fuel consumption. This hydrogen engine is the standard among all UNSC ground (and most air) based vehicles, replacing fossil fuel-based engines some 400 years ago. The M12 features a Graf/Hauptman solar/saline actuator, and will convert up to twelve liters of fresh, brackish or salt water into hydrogen on the fly. Detritus from the process is compacted on board and disposed of manually by the crew. This allows the Warthog to travel 790 kilometers (490 miles) before it needs to be refueled, a range that can be easily extended by the addition of any container capable of holding liquid. Older models boast a fully independent swing-arm suspension system and four in-hub wheel motors.

The M12 is a huge, unwieldy, difficult to steer vehicle—until a user learns how to drive it properly. With proper application of the hand, or "e-brake" the M12 can actually turn on a dime. Massive disc brakes and its automatic braking systems allow the vehicle to come to a near immediate, but controlled stop should the driver be ejected, or choose to leave the vehicle. The Warthog's tires have moved away from previous inert-gas pocket inflation with far more resilient and superior burst-proof single unit nanotube skeletons. They provide the buoyancy and ride of gas-pocket tires, but are almost indestructible, allowing the M12 to easily roll through situations that would leave other vehicles disabled and vulnerable. The relatively massive tires are a joint project between Michelin-Vance and AMG.

The M12's design places it into the jeep family of vehicles; it has no doors and has a total seating of two or three in the base model. The M12's description as a "force application vehicle" is spectacularly accurate; the M12 has both offensive and defensive capabilities, as well as intel gathering and supply transport and practically any other task that can be accomplished by a wheeled vehicle. The M12 can be configured to become a troop carrier, armament carrier, ambulance, reconnaissance vehicle, or communications vehicle. All M12-based vehicles are designed to travel both on and off-road, in all weather conditions.

2554 model
The 2554 model of the Warthog entered service in late 2552. Unlike the models used throughout the Human-Covenant War, the 2554 model uses a swing-axle system, a redesigned transmission and drive shafts, and constant-velocity joints. This version features a more angular body style, utility bars over the hood and around the bed, and several other largely cosmetic changes. Newer Warthogs typically carry several Jerrycans filled with water to be rendered into hydrogen for the engine.

M12B
The M12B entered service sometime after the Requiem Campaign. The M12B is equipped with a variety of new weapons across its variants, including the M343A2 chaingun, the M555 Gauss cannon, and the M80 missile launcher, as well as a number of experimental munitions, particularly Warthogs operated by ONI forces.

Advantages
The M12 is the workhorse of light infantry ground vehicles, is adaptable to almost any situation, and is arguably the most customizable vehicle in the military's fleet similar to jeeps used in the 20th century. It is able to reach top speeds of 125km/h (78 MPH) and, more importantly, swings around rapidly to allow the gunner a better angle on a prospective target. The mounted M41 chain gun can cut down heavily armored infantry within seconds, as well as shielded infantry. With enough controlled fire from the 12.7X99mm armor-piercing rounds, the M41 can easily rip through the armor of a Covenant Ghost and destroy it. The Warthog's titanium armor, though light, is tough enough to take at least one fragmentation grenade and can withstand small amounts of energy weapon fire. It also makes for a formidable scout and transportation vehicle, able to make a smooth getaway or rapid infiltration if needed.

Disadvantages
Due in part to its speed, the M12 is prone to roll over. It is vital that the driver can get in and out of dangerous situations without flipping the hard-to-right vehicle. The open nature of the Warthog always puts its driver and passengers at risk as a good marksman can easily take down the driver or passengers of the M12. A well thrown frag grenade can flip a Warthog, which will knock the driver and passenger out of the vehicle. Although the armor of the M12 is tough, a couple of direct hits from frag grenades, rounds from a sniper rifle, a well placed rocket or a lucky plasma grenade stick will destroy it immediately. Covenant heavy energy weapons are the biggest threat to the Warthog; a short burst from a Banshee's light plasma cannons is deadly, able to melt and punch through the armor with ease and kill the occupants. The Warthog is also vulnerable to the Banshee's Fuel Rod Gun which can reduce the vehicle to twisted charred metal with one strike. Infantry plasma weapons can inflict moderate damage, and, like all vehicles, can be rendered temporarily or permanently inoperable by a hit from an overcharged Plasma Pistol. In Halo: Reach and Halo 4, the M41 and M46 (respectively) LAAGs are prone to overheating, which requires the person operating the weapon to use it in short bursts. Failing to operate the weapon carefully will leave the operator vulnerable as they wait for the machine gun to cool down.

Variants
The M12 Warthog can be configured for various roles: examples include the M831 TT, which eliminates the support weapon in favor of four side-facing passenger seats; the M864A, with an enclosed passenger compartment and treads in place of wheels; or the M914 RV, equipped with a towing winch and a heavy duty motor and gear system, armament carrier, ambulance, or communications vehicle. All M12-based vehicles in service with the UNSC are designed to travel both on- and off-road, and in all weather conditions.

Other models

 * M12 GT - The M12 GT is designed for racing competitions and features an enclosed-cockpit monocoque for increased structural rigidity.
 * M862 Arctic Hog - The M864 Arctic Hog is designed for extreme environmental conditions and features an enclosed-cabin and quad-tracks that allow the variant to drive up icy heights or travel over deep snow.
 * M864 Arctic - The M864 Arctic is camouflaged and outfitted specifically for expeditions in arctic conditions, but the M864 does not have the extreme mobility modifications of the M862.
 * M868 Tropic - The M868 Tropic is camouflaged and equipped specifically for tropical expeditions. The M868 variant has improved suspension and double the regular amount of anti-corrosion coatings applied to Warthogs.
 * M914 Recovery Vehicle - The M914 RV is a faster, stripped down version of the Warthog, built for troop and equipment recovery. It is particularly used to extract Warthogs that had been damaged in battle or as a mobile repair bay.
 * Corp Scout Warthog - Demilitarized Warthog with extra armor used by the Liang Dortmund Corporation.
 * Tundra Scout Warthog - A tundra camouflaged variant used by the UNSC to transport food and fuel during tundra and arctic campaigns. Features better armor than the Corp Hog.
 * Urban Scout Warthog - An urban camouflaged variant used by the UNSC. Features better armor than the Corp Hog.
 * Woodland Scout Warthog - A woodland camouflaged variant used by the UNSC. Features better armor than the Corp Hog.
 * ONI Scout Warthog - The ONI Warthog features better armor than the camouflaged models and is only superficially similar to the standard military models.
 *  # 550 Scuderia StarSpeed M-12R - An exemplar of heavily modified Rally Warthogs homologated for racing series across multiple systems and fitted with the latest hydrogen-burning turbines and ceramic applique armor, this Rally Warthog can handle environmental hazards that would leave even mil-spec vehicles as broken wrecks.
 * Project HOGSTICKER - Project HOGSTICKER, also dubbed the "Needlehog", was a project proposed by Erik Burch but rejected by AMG Transport Dynamics because the project did not fit with any known Warthog series homologation.

Development history
AMG Transport Dynamics designed the first Warthog prototype in 2319, dubbed the "Z-12". The Z-12 prototype vehicles quickly proved to be popular due to a well-crafted advertising campaign and adept engineering team which demonstrated the prototype's impressive feature set and unparalleled functionality in the unpopulated remote territories of both Luna and Mars. AMG claimed that the vehicle that could "go anywhere and do anything". Within the first eight months of the Z-12 prototype's existence, AMG received over three dozen exclusivity contracts. Most of these contracts came from the Colonial Military Administration. By 2321, AMG Transport Dynamics worked with the CMA and established a deal to cover all of their land-based transportation needs. Around the time of this deal, the Z-12 became integrated into the M12 Force Application Vehicle. In addition, a pneumatically-powered swivel mount and armored body panels were added to the vehicle.

By 2329, the M12 FAV had become the most common all-terrain vehicle in service with the military—closely followed by the Mongoose and Civet vehicle lines that were also produced by AMG. CMA personnel began to refer to the M12 as the "Warthog", first establishing the vehicle's nickname. Eventually, the Warthog was adopted by the United Nations Space Command. More than a dozen iterative changes were added to the Warthog, and over two centuries later, after its original creation and design, the M12 Warthog remained the standard utility vehicle in UNSC service. Due to how commonplace the Warthog is, all UNSC personnel are required to know how to operate and maintain a M12 Warthog, regardless of military speciality or branch of service.

UNSC personnel remarks

 * "It's [the M12] sort of a bear to wheel around, but that's something you gotta expect – the thing is twice the size of my granddad's car – but it's something you get used to pretty damned quick."
 * "On the battlefield speed is life and the M12 has that in spades – having a great big damn gun don’t hurt, either."
 * "One word: handbrake."
 * "I have yet to come up against an obstacle that the Warthog couldn't go right over."
 * "The Sarge hates it when we ram stuff, says the 'Hog ain't indestructible. But it sure feels like it when you're plowing through a crowd of startled Grunts, though."
 * "The seats are unreal! I was thinking of pulling a set out of a parts vehicle and shipping them home...but the wife shut it down – says everyone would be able to tell where they came from."
 * "Look at these legs – pretty nice, huh? It’s totally from getting in and out'a the 'Hog's thirty-six inch damn step height."

Production notes

 * The Warthog was originally going to be a Humvee-like vehicle in the early stages of development of Halo: Combat Evolved.
 * WETA Workshop, based in New Zealand, built a two-third-scale, operating Warthog. It has several numbers on it, some possibly pertaining to that specific model or maybe even that specific Warthog, including, but not limited to, 5c8611, N/AAV-20 (a lable similar to the M/AAV-20 that can be seen on the Halo Reach-era Warthog), and others. WETA's Warthog is almost accurate in every function, including a "working" minigun, four-wheel steering, digital displays, air bags, and the ability to "crab crawl". Stamps portraying the number and type of Covenant troops killed can be seen on the dash. This Warthog is featured in the Halo: Landfall live-action film series.
 * Some Bungie employees were given the chance to drive WETA Workshop's Warthog. Three members of the Bungie team were driving the Warthog around a parking lot when they scraped the side of it on a small wooden structure built onto the side of a wall.
 * During Halo 2's development, Bungie considered creating more specialized warthog variants including arctic, transport, and jungle models. The first two models were later featured in Halo 3 as the M864 Arctic and the M831 Troop Transport, respectively, while the latter model was named in the Halo Encyclopedia as the M868 Tropic.

Miscellaneous

 * A warthog is a wild member of the pig family that lives in Africa, in keeping with the UNSC's tradition of naming ground-based vehicles after real animals, with the exceptions of the Cyclops and Gremlin, which are named after mythical creatures.
 * A remote-controlled toy Warthog was one of the first Xbox 360 Avatar accessories available after the August 11, 2009 dashboard update that introduced Avatar accessories. It is available from the Xbox Live Avatar shop for 320 Microsoft Points, under Halo 3: ODST-themed accessories.
 * In Halo 3, Halo 3: ODST, and Halo: Reach, the Warthog's tires are printed with the word PUMA. This is a reference to an episode of Red vs Blue's in which Simmons and Grif argue with Sarge about whether to call the vehicle a Puma or Warthog.
 * The Halo 4 Warthog is featured in Forza Motorsport 4. It is not drivable in game, though it appears in the Autovista mode where players can examine various details of the cars. The Warthog descriptions feature narration by Cortana. It is unlocked by unlocking all other non-DLC cars in Autovista. The developers considered adding the Warthog as a drivable vehicle, but due to Forza ' s focus on technical accuracy, the Warthog would have been difficult to implement due to its large size, unusual 4-wheel drive mechanics, unusual tires, and the various fictional technologies employed.
 * The scout Warthog can be more useful in combat if one player stands on the back of the Warthog with a turret. This can provide for a makeshift Warthog with more powerful turrets.

List of appearances

 * Halo: The Fall of Reach
 * Halo: Combat Evolved
 * Halo: The Flood
 * Halo: First Strike
 * Halo 2
 * Halo: Ghosts of Onyx
 * Halo: Landfall
 * Arms Race
 * Combat
 * Last One Standing
 * Halo: Uprising
 * Halo 3
 * Halo: Contact Harvest
 * Halo Wars
 * Halo 3: ODST
 * Halo Legends
 * Prototype
 * Homecoming
 * Origins
 * Halo: Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe
 * Dirt
 * Palace Hotel
 * The Return


 * Halo: Blood Line
 * Remember Reach
 * Patrol
 * Halo: Reach
 * Halo: Fall of Reach
 * Boot Camp
 * Covenant
 * Invasion
 * Halo: Glasslands
 * Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary
 * Terminals
 * The Commissioning
 * Halo: The Thursday War
 * Halo 4: Forward Unto Dawn
 * Halo 4
 * Spartan Ops
 * Halo: Spartan Assault
 * Halo: Initiation
 * Halo: Escalation
 * Halo 2: Anniversary
 * Halo: New Blood
 * Hunt the Truth
 * A Hero Falls
 * Halo: Spartan Strike
 * Halo: The Fall of Reach - The Animated Series
 * Halo 5: Guardians
 * Halo: Ground Command
 * Halo Online
 * Halo: Tales from Slipspace