SPARTAN-III program

"Make the units better with new technology. Make more of them. And make them cheaper."

- Colonel James Ackerson

The SPARTAN-III program was a top-secret project initiated by the Beta-5 Division of the Office of Naval Intelligence's Section III in order to produce cheap and expendable supersoldiers to stem the tide of the Covenant's onslaught against the Outer Colonies. In active service between 2536 and 2552, the SPARTAN-IIIs turned the tide of several critical battles of the Human-Covenant War. After the war, the remaining SPARTAN-III personnel were given the opportunity to join the newly formed Spartan branch, supplementing the numbers of the SPARTAN-IVs.

The SPARTAN-III project was both a successor and supplement to the SPARTAN-II program. Created and engineered by Colonel James Ackerson of the Office of Naval Intelligence, the SPARTAN-IIIs were to be the next generation of supersoldiers. Composed primarily of vengeful orphans from fallen colonies, they would be cheaper to arm, train, and produce; being chosen from a wider pool of candidates, they would also be more numerous than their SPARTAN-II predecessors. They would rely on teamwork and sheer numbers rather than advanced technology and equipment to achieve effectiveness.

Purpose
The SPARTAN-II program had been a dazzling success for the UNSC. Tales of Spartan supersoldiers fighting off thousands of Covenant attacks had become the stuff of legend. Unfortunately, there were too few SPARTAN-IIs to turn the tide of the war. Even worse, the director for the program, Doctor Catherine Halsey, had postponed the training of new SPARTAN-IIs for years due to the extremely specific genetic requirements for the children to be selected.

The SPARTAN-II program also had several problems and deficiencies which overshadowed its success to the Office of Naval Intelligence. Firstly, the high mortality rate of the children during augmentation was counterproductive to the goal of the program. Next, funding the Spartans, including their training and MJOLNIR armor, cost as much as a battle group, at least according to Rear Admiral Ned Rich. Third, there were far too few of them for them to turn the tide of the war. Finally, even though the SPARTAN-II program did not formally go public until 2547, the Spartans and their exploits had already attained a near-legendary status within the UNSC. Even though the Spartans provided huge morale boost to the UNSC, it was a problem for most of the Office of Naval Intelligence. ONI operated in secrecy, and anything that shone light on their operations was seen as detrimental to their efforts.

The SPARTAN-IIIs were designed to be cheap and expendable. Trained in companies of around 300 at a time with a training regimen tougher than that of the SPARTAN-II program, they were ultimately sent on high-risk missions that the UNSC could not accomplish even with the elite Orbital Drop Shock Troopers. Though the casualty rates of the SPARTAN-IIIs stood at 100 percent on some missions, to ONI, all the operations were strategic successes. They were trading lives for time against the larger and technologically superior Covenant. ONI hoped that in time, enough Spartans would survive to train more and more future Spartans, swelling the ranks of available supersoldiers from only thirty SPARTAN-IIs in 2531 to a hundred thousand SPARTAN-IIIs within ten to twenty years. However, this ultimately never came to pass due to budgetary restrictions and the SPARTAN-III augmentations being compatible with only a small percentage of the population.

Alpha Company
On December 27, 2531, the first group of SPARTAN-IIIs, known as Alpha Company, was sent to Onyx to be trained at Camp Currahee. They were led by Kurt Ambrose, a SPARTAN-II who had been abducted by ONI to administer the program. Of the 497 candidates who were conscripted, only 300 became Spartans. This class of Spartans all survived the augmentations and was activated in November of 2536. Their record was at first exemplary, as they saw action at the Insurrection of Mamore, the Battle of New Constantinople, and at the Bonanza Asteroid Belt. Nine months after they were activated, they were massacred in Operation: PROMETHEUS. All 300 Spartans deployed on the mission were killed.

An unknown number of Alpha Company's members, deemed to match the criteria used in selecting the SPARTAN-II candidates (known as "CAT-IIs"), were hand-picked by Mendez and Kurt before Operation: PROMETHEUS and extracted from the company. These Spartans were assigned to other units—sometimes within other branches of the military—and given MJOLNIR armor. By 2552, five of these Spartans served with NOBLE Team: Carter-A259, Jun-A266, Emile-A239, Thom-A293 and Rosenda-A344.

Beta Company
Beta Company was approved right after Operation: PROMETHEUS in 2537. 418 candidates were conscripted in 2539, of which only 300 became Spartans. Disheartened at the loss of Alpha Company, Ambrose used a tougher training program and more thoroughly trained them in unit cohesiveness. Despite their superior training, they were similarly massacred in Operation: TORPEDO in 2545. From the entire company, only two participants survived the battle.

As with Alpha Company, several members of Beta Company deemed too valuable to be wasted on suicide missions were pulled out of the unit before Operation: TORPEDO. Some of them were initially assigned to non-combat roles as cover, much to Colonel Ackerson's dismay, as he wanted to have all Spartans in the field. Like the personnel extracted from Alpha Company, they were issued with special equipment such as MJOLNIR. These included Kat-B320 and SPARTAN-B312, both of whom later served with NOBLE Team, as well as SPARTAN-B170.

Gamma Company
Gamma Company was trained with the help of the only two SPARTAN-IIIs from Beta Company who survived Operation: TORPEDO: Tom-B292 and Lucy-B091. Lieutenant Commander Ambrose regarded Gamma Company to be the finest of the SPARTAN-III companies. 330 candidates were selected, on average only six years old, and at Ambrose's request all 330 were approved for graduation. Every one of them survived the augmentation procedures. Gamma Company received deployment orders only a few weeks after the Fall of Reach and most left Onyx before the Battle of Onyx. Only fifteen SPARTAN-IIIs of Gamma Company remained on Onyx as they competed for top honors. Following the battle, seven had been killed in action. Team Saber was the only Gamma Company team to fight alongside the SPARTAN-II unit Blue Team. With the help of their older, more experienced counterparts, they successfully fought off a Covenant attack along with destroying a Sentinel manufacturing facility. Ultimately, the surviving SPARTAN-IIIs escaped to the shield world at the core of Onyx.

After the Human-Covenant War, the main body of Gamma Company was integrated into the SPARTAN-IV program attached to the newly formed Spartan branch, though some members were returned to non-combatant status. The SPARTAN-IIIs on Onyx (having joined Blue Team) were later recovered by the Office of Naval Intelligence. They continued to serve with Blue Team until July 2553, when Admiral Margaret Parangosky decided to reassign the three Gamma Company Spartans into a top-secret infiltrator unit while officially listing them as KIA to prevent knowledge of their illegal enhancements.

Delta Company
Delta Company was proposed and Camp Currahee was being prepared for their arrival when the Battle of Onyx began on October 31, 2552. With the death of Lieutenant Commander Ambrose and the disappearances of SCPO Franklin Mendez and Dr. Catherine Halsey, as well as the immediate concerns of the Battle of Earth and the SPARTAN-IV project, it is highly unlikely that Delta Company was ever trained.

Non-company teams
In addition to the standard company formations, many SPARTAN-IIIs were withdrawn after training to serve in specialist units, at least from Alpha and Beta Companies. Most of these Spartans served under the operational command of the Navy and the Army, though some served in the Marine Corps, and a select few in the Air Force.

Alpha and Beta Companies initially had 497 and 418 candidates, respectively, although only 300 would become Spartans within each company. Of the "washouts" from these companies, most would later become drill instructors for their successors. However, there may still have been a large recruitment pool from which to draw members for specialist teams. At least four Spartans—Emile-A239, Carter-A259, Jun-A266, and Thom-A293, all of whom would later be assigned to NOBLE Team—were culled from Alpha Company, though the extent of these personnel withdrawals is unknown. Lieutenant Commander Ambrose believed that as much as 1.08% of Beta Company could be folded into base personnel prior to the attack on Pegasi Delta, which was expected to be a bloodbath: SPARTAN-B312 was pulled immediately after training and deployed as a "lone wolf" by an unknown superior; Kat-B320 was extracted (with difficulty) after Operation: CARTWHEEL and assigned to NOBLE Team. Ambrose also attempted to send Lucy-B091 and SPARTAN-B170 on deep, long-term reconnaissance to keep away from Operation: TORPEDO; Lucy ultimately participated in the battle, though B170's fate is unknown. Thom-A293 and Rosenda-A344 also served in the non-company personnel rotation: Thom eventually served as Noble Six, while Rosenda was considered as a possible replacement in case a counter-insurgency arose due to Emile's excessive hostility toward Insurrectionists.

Any remaining non-company units were most likely incorporated into the Spartan branch along with Gamma Company in early 2553.

Headhunters


Only SPARTAN-IIIs who had survived two or more specially assigned training missions could join the "Headhunters". These two-man teams of SPARTAN-IIIs went on missions far behind enemy lines and were typically expected to die in combat. The Headhunters' existence was secret even to their peers. Once selected, candidates for the program were separated from their fellow Spartans and sent to specialist training camps on the far side of Onyx. The Headhunters were comprehensively evaluated in order to ensure an effective bond between the members of each team. A contingent of six two-man teams, as well as five additional Headhunters, was maintained at all times to ensure the program's numbers remained constant should one or both members of a team be lost. The Headhunters' SPI armor was more advanced than the suits issued to most SPARTAN-IIIs, as it included energy shielding, motion trackers, and VISR technology, and could also support a prototype active camouflage module. The Headhunter program remains active following the establishment of the Spartan branch, albeit with some organizational changes.

MJOLNIR-equipped teams
Out of those SPARTAN-IIIs withdrawn from their companies, many were equipped with MJOLNIR armor and deployed similarly to the SPARTAN-IIs rather than on suicide missions like their peers. These MJOLNIR-clad SPARTAN-IIIs played a crucial role in many battles throughout the war in every branch of the military. Since the public was not aware of the distinction between the S-IIs and the S-IIIs, the latter let their predecessors take credit for their actions.

Many MJOLNIR-clad SPARTAN-IIIs defended the planet Reach during the Covenant's invasion of the planet. Gauntlet, Red, and Echo Teams were rumored to be deployed in civilian evacuation operations on August 23. Concurrently, multiple SPARTAN-III teams—and an unknown number of SPARTAN-IIs—were deployed to the capital city of Casbah on Tribute. One of these fireteams held off a bevy of Covenant vessels while a small number of civilians escaped aboard a transport craft. Though the entire team was killed, the SPARTAN-IVs on the would later pay homage to their courage with a simulation of the engagement. By 20:00 hours on August 30, thirteen Spartans had perished near the Aszod ship breaking yards, the last evacuation point on the continent of Eposz; soon, SPARTAN-B312 of NOBLE Team would die in the same location in a valiant last stand.

NOBLE Team


NOBLE Team was a special operations squad of the UNSC's Special Warfare Command. Unlike the Headhunter program, NOBLE Team was entirely separate from the SPARTAN-III program, being made up of SPARTAN-IIIs extracted from both Alpha and Beta Companies and serving under the Army's operational jurisdiction.

Composed of five SPARTAN-IIIs and a SPARTAN-II, NOBLE Team was issued MJOLNIR armor, which is much more advanced than the cheaper Semi-Powered Infiltration armor issued to most SPARTAN-IIIs. Their most notable combat deployment was during the Fall of Reach. The team was commanded by Carter-A259, with Kat-B320 as his second-in-command. All but Jun-A266 were killed in combat during the Fall of Reach. NOBLE Team's sacrifice was later commemorated with a statue at Hősök tere in the city of New Alexandria on Reach.

Operational history
The operational history of the SPARTAN-III program has been marked by success and tragedy. Many of the operations undertaken by the soldiers were suicide missions, but were regarded as successes by the UNSC.

2531

 * October 24 — Colonel Ackerson' proposal for the SPARTAN-III program is approved.
 * December 27 — Alpha Company begins training.

2536–2537

 * October/November 2536 — Alpha Company is activated.
 * Alpha Company quells an insurrection at Mamore — Success.
 * Battle of New Constantinople — Success.
 * Operations in the Bonanza asteroid belt — Success.
 * Operations in the Far-gone colony platforms — Success.
 * Six other successful unnamed battles in which Alpha Company participated.
 * July 27–August 2, 2537 — Operation: PROMETHEUS — Success, all participants confirmed KIA.
 * Candidates for Beta Company are selected.

2539

 * Beta Company begins training.

2545

 * Beta Company is activated at some point prior to the May of 2545.
 * Operation: CARTWHEEL — Unknown.
 * July 3, 2545 — Operation: TORPEDO — Success, all but two participants confirmed KIA.

2545–2552

 * Candidates for Gamma Company are selected and trained.
 * February 2551 — The 330 Spartans of Gamma Company are augmented aboard.
 * July 24 to August 30, 2552 — NOBLE Team participates in the Fall of Reach. All but Jun-A266 are confirmed KIA. A group of thirteen SPARTAN-IIIs deployed to defend the Aszod ship breaking yards are also KIA.
 * Concurrently, S-III fireteams are deployed to Casbah City on Tribute to assist civilian evacuation operations. All members of one team are confirmed KIA.
 * September–October, 2552 — The majority of Gamma Company are deployed into combat, with only three fireteams remaining on Onyx.
 * October 2552 — Camp Currahee receives supplies for the upcoming SPARTAN-III Delta Company from the.
 * October 31, 2552 — November 3, 2552 — Battle of Onyx.
 * The SPARTAN-III program is discontinued following the destruction of Onyx.

2553-

 * Gamma Company is disbanded, with the bulk of the unit folded into the Spartan branch or shifted to non-combatant roles. By July 2553, Admiral Parangosky plans to assign the Spartans of Gamma Company to more classified roles to cover up their illegal brain mutations. The three survivors of Team Saber are officially designated KIA and reassigned to a top-secret "Ferret" black operations unit under agent Veta Lopis.

Training and psychology
"Veta Lopis"

- Olivia

The Spartan-IIIs are generally highly dedicated and goal-oriented. Much like the Spartan-IIs, they have been trained to consider duty paramount along with an emphasis on the importance of winning. Unlike with their predecessors, however, they had existing motivation upon which their indoctrination and training built as a result of their backgrounds as vengeful war orphans. The Spartans' motivation was a driving factor throughout the program: at least Alpha Company's training began with a test forcing the candidates (some of them only four years old) to perform a nighttime parachute jump to determine the extent of their willingness to participate in the program, and gruelling vetting processes were used to pick the 300 trainees to become Spartans out of Alpha and Beta companies' original rosters of 497 and 418 candidates, respectively. This was largely driven by practical concerns: the program was operating on a limited budget and did not have the funding to augment and equip every trainee. It also introduced an additional element of competitiveness to the program, with fireteams fiercely contending for the opportunity to become Spartans. Gamma Company's post-augmentation training also concluded in a competition for top honors pitting the three best-ranked fireteams against one another.

Many of the Spartan-III candidates were very lively and aggressive, to the extent that some initially doubted whether they could be trained into effective soldiers at all. However, the program was ultimately able to drill military discipline and teamwork into the trainees, and several improvements were introduced to the Spartan-IIIs' training over the program's lifespan to further ensure this. As in the SPARTAN-II program, teamwork and camaraderie among the trainees was both encouraged and developed naturally as a consequence of the Spartans' way of upbringing. As a result the bonds among Spartan-III teams run extraordinarily deep; Kurt Ambrose described Spartan-III units as being "more family than fireteam", a sentiment echoed by the Spartan-IIIs themselves.

The Spartan-IIIs' training regimen was designed to be tougher than that of the Spartan-IIs but was in many ways fashioned after that of the preceding program — complete with similar objective-oriented drills, including Ring the Bell. Many of their training exercises forced the trainees to improvise and think unconventionally, often pitting the Spartans-in-training against superior opponents with no weapons or armor. Like their predecessors, the Spartan-III trainees were given classroom lessons alongside their laborious combat training. They also studied the Spartan-IIs and their tactics, and many of the traditions developed by the Spartan-IIs were passed on to the Spartan-IIIs, including the plethora of gestures and signals they use to communicate silently. As one of the adjustments to the Spartan-IIIs' training over time, Kurt Ambrose placed supreme emphasis on teamwork with Beta Company as he attributed Alpha Company's destruction to the loss of unit cohesion. He also increased the severity of the training to the point of making AI Deep Winter concerned that the constant drills would break the children. However, Kurt was adamant that the hardships were necessary for the Spartans' survival in actual combat. Likewise, SCPO Mendez was assured that the trainees would not break due to their sheer tenacity and drive for success.

The SPARTAN-III program was based out of Camp Currahee on Onyx, with another facility for the further training of the Headhunters on the other side of the planet. The Spartan-IIIs' augmentation procedures were carried out aboard the hospital ship, with entire decks emptied of regular personnel to ensure the program's utmost secrecy.

Organization
The SPARTAN-III program was operated under the Office of Naval Intelligence's top-secret Beta-5 Division, with both the project staff and the Spartans themselves falling under the UNSC Navy. At least Kurt Ambrose was officially assigned under the UNSC's Logistical Operations Command. Some of the Spartan-IIIs removed from their mainline companies served with other branches, although at least the members of NOBLE Team remained members of the Navy despite serving under the Army's operational authority. Most of the active Spartan-IIIs were folded into the Spartan branch following its establishment.

The size and composition of the fireteams in the mainline Spartan-III companies was seemingly more established than in the Spartan-II program, with the Spartan-III teams training together since the companies' initiation and training. It appears that the number of members per team increased by one every generation, with Alpha's Team Wolf Pack having three members, Beta's Team Foxtrot having four, and Gamma's three top-ranked fireteams having five, for example. The two-member Headhunters and the irregularly sized non-company "Cat-II" teams deviated from this norm, however.

Alpha Company

 * Team Wolf Pack
 * Robert-A057 - KIA during Operation: PROMETHEUS.
 * Shane-A112 - KIA during Operation: PROMETHEUS.
 * Jane-A203 - KIA during Operation: PROMETHEUS.
 * Others
 * Kai-A019 - Unknown status.
 * Emile-A239 - Reassigned to Noble Team. KIA during the Battle of Aszod.
 * Carter-A259 - Reassigned to Noble Team. KIA during the Battle of Aszod.
 * Jun-A266 - Reassigned to Noble Team. Holding a command position in the Spartan branch as of March 2558.
 * Thom-A293 - Reassigned to Noble Team. KIA during the Battle of Fumirole.
 * Rosenda-A344 - Reassigned, unknown status.

Beta Company

 * Team Echo - KIA during Operation: TORPEDO.
 * Team Foxtrot
 * Adam-B004 - KIA during Operation: TORPEDO.
 * Lucy-B091 - Active as of August 2553, location unknown.
 * Min-B174 - KIA during Operation: TORPEDO.
 * Tom-B292 - Active as of August 2553; location unknown.
 * Team India - KIA during Operation: TORPEDO.
 * Team Lima - KIA during Operation: TORPEDO.
 * Team X-ray - KIA after encountering Sentinels.
 * Team Romeo - KIA during Operation: TORPEDO.


 * Others
 * SPARTAN-B170 - Unknown
 * SPARTAN-B312 - Reassigned to Noble Team. KIA following the Battle of Aszod.
 * Kat-B320 - Reassigned to Noble Team. KIA during the Siege of New Alexandria.

Gamma Company

 * Team Gladius - KIA during the Battle of Onyx.
 * Team Katana - Severely injured, inside slipspace field pods. Last known position in Shield World 006.
 * Team Saber
 * Holly-G003 - KIA during the Battle of Onyx.
 * Ash-G099 - Active; listed as KIA in September 2553
 * Dante-G188 - KIA during the Battle of Onyx.
 * Olivia-G291 - Active; listed as KIA in September 2553
 * Mark-G313 - Active; listed KIA in September 2553

Others

 * Headhunters
 * Team 1
 * Jonah - KIA
 * Roland - KIA
 * Team 2
 * Unidentified SPARTAN-III - KIA
 * Unidentified SPARTAN-III - KIA


 * MJOLNIR-equipped teams
 * Echo Team
 * Gauntlet Team
 * Red Team
 * Unknown number of Spartans killed during the Battle of Casbah.
 * Thirteen unidentified Spartans - KIA during the Battle of Aszod.

SPI armor


Semi-Powered Infiltration armor (SPI) was the primary armor system used by the SPARTAN-IIIs. Though more advanced than the ODST combat suit, it is considerably less advanced and less powerful than the MJOLNIR armor used by the SPARTAN-IIs. Its main benefit was that it is drastically cheaper to produce than the MJOLNIR armor.

Although the SPI bodysuit features a ballistic layer of liquid nanocrystals which provides significantly more protection than conventional body armor, the armor is designed with an emphasis on stealth rather than raw power. It features photoreactive panels that mimic the surrounding textures, giving its wearer a rough approximation of active camouflage. It lacks the energy shielding of the later models of MJOLNIR armor, and a single hit from an enemy plasma weapon melts the suit's photoreactive panels, rendering its camouflage capabilities useless. By 2558, the SPI armor had been mostly phased out of use by Spartan-IIIs and was presumably replaced with MJOLNIR GEN2 armor.

MJOLNIR armor
Spartan-IIIs extracted from their companies were issued with the MJOLNIR Powered Assault Armor to improve their combat prowess. These included the Spartan-IIIs of NOBLE Team, who wore the first version of the Mark V in 2552. A variant of Mjolnir was designed specifically for Spartans serving in the Army's SPECWAR/Group Three: Mark V[B].

Post-war, MJOLNIR GEN2 armor is standard-issue for all Spartans serving in the Spartan branch, including former Spartan-IIIs. Watershed Division designed the Hoplite variant specifically for Spartan-III operatives as an alternative to the SPI armor. Hoplite was designed to be a low-cost model much as the Spartan-IIIs themselves were conceived as a cheaper alternative to the Spartan-IIs. The variant lacks the sophistication of other models but is easy to build and repair.

Augmentation procedures
The SPARTAN-IIIs underwent enhancement procedures similar to those of the SPARTAN-IIs, but with higher success rates due to advancements in technology. The rate of survival went up from 44% for the SPARTAN-IIs to 100% for the SPARTAN-IIIs.

Trivia

 * The number of 300 SPARTAN-IIIs in both Alpha and Beta companies, who were both massacred but completed their missions and killed many Covenant warriors in the process is a reference to the fabled last stand of the 300 Spartans in the Battle of Thermopylae.
 * The protagonist of Halo: Reach is SPARTAN-B312, a SPARTAN-III who was pulled from Beta Company right after training.

List of appearances

 * Halo: First Strike
 * Halo: Ghosts of Onyx
 * Halo: Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe
 * Headhunters
 * Remember Reach
 * Birth of a Spartan
 * Deliver Hope
 * Halo: Reach
 * Halo: Glasslands
 * Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary
 * Halo 4
 * Infinity Briefing Packet
 * Halo: Initiation
 * Halo: New Blood
 * Halo: Fleet Battles
 * Halo: Last Light
 * Halo 5: Guardians
 * Halo: Ground Command
 * Halo: Fractures
 * Lessons Learned