Human-Forerunner wars

"Ten thousand years ago, humans had fought a war against Forerunners—and lost. The centers of human civilization had been dismantled and the humans themselves devolved and shattered into many forms, some said as punishment—but more likely because they were a naturally violent species."

- Bornstellar, c. 100,000 B.C.E.

The Human-Forerunner wars were a series of major interstellar conflicts fought approximately in 110,000 B.C. in the Orion arm of the Milky Way galaxy. It was fought against overwhelming fleets and armies of the Forerunners.

Origins
Although Humanity held less power in the galaxy than the Forerunners, they had always held Forerunner interference with contempt. Looking to escape from the Forerunners' dominion, Humanity expanded throughout the Orion arm, and eventually built an impressive empire consisting of hundreds of worlds.

Before the war, Humanity had made great advances in military and science technology on par with those of the Forerunners. In his conversations with Bornstellar on their arrival at Charum Hakkor, the center of the human empire, the Didact stated that the Forerunners had surprisingly little defense against the weapons created by the combined Human-San'Shyuum empire. As they collected and reverse-engineering Precursor technology at Charum Hakkor, one of the largest collections in the galaxy, Humanity's rapid technological achievements made them increasingly arrogant and willing to challenge Forerunner dominance. This, coupled with their belief that they, not the Forerunners, were the true inheritors of the Mantle from the Precursors, made them ideological enemies with the Forerunners.

Essentially purists, Humanity destroyed and removed indigenous species during their rapid colonization expansion into outer space even before the Human-Flood war. One such example of Humanity's annihilated fifty defenseless systems in which Forerunners had resettled other species. After wiping out the indigenous populations, they were replaced with Human colonies to strengthen their hold over their new territories. The rapid expansion of Human technology and power created tensions with the more powerful Forerunner empire. The Didact saw Humanity as one of the most contentious, bigoted, self-centered species in the galaxy. Seeing themselves as a galactic power capable of rivaling the Forerunner Empire, Humanity began to expand in all directions. The last straw leading to the war was the Human conquest and destruction of Forerunner worlds during the last stages of the Human-Flood war. Devastated by the infestation, Humanity looked to forcibly take new worlds anywhere, including those inhabited by Forerunners. Although initially successful in destroying and conquering many Forerunner worlds, Humanity was eventually pushed back to Charum Hakkor.

Battle of Charum Hakkor
Although Humanity was successful in its early conquest of Forerunner worlds, they were forced to deploy the majority of their military against the Flood. By the time the Flood had been defeated, the Human military had been exhausted. Even the capital of Charum Hakkor had been cut off from the rest of the empire by Didact's naval fleets. On Charum Hakkor, Humanity had incorporated precursor technology and constructed formidable fortifications capable of standing out against even the strongest fleets. Among them were unbending filaments that link their orbital platforms defenses similar in concepts to the Orbital Defense Platform on Earth and Reach. Despite having the combined Forerunner military at his disposal, it took the Didact great efforts to defeat the Human resistance and capture the capital. Among the casualties were all of the Didact's children.

Although cut-off and unable to receive reinforcements from the San'Shyuum, the Humans held off continuous attacks for fifty years. When the planet finally fell, a significant number of Humans and San'Shyuum committed suicide rather than being taken prisoner.

Aftermath
Humanity was completely and utterly defeated, the tragedies of the war convinced the Didact to oppose and forestall the construction of the Halo Array seeing it would violate the Mantle as the destruction of Humanity proved similarly, a task that he succeeded for thousands of years.

The defeat was disastrous for both Humanity and the San'Shyuum. The victorious Forerunners decided to dismantle every piece of pre-historic human civilization, causing the species to devolve on their own. In addition, they executed many Humans for starting the conflict seeing them as naturally violent and aggressive. Because of this cataclysmic event, Humanity's culture splintered amongst their collective species, including the Florians. This was noted as being a "punishment" by a young Forerunner pre-Builder Manipular known as Bornstellar Makes Eternal Lasting ten thousand years later. Humanity's defeat affirmed Forerunner hegemony over the entire galaxy as one of the only few powers capable of competing against it was utterly defeated. However, the destruction of Humanity sets the stage for the return of the Flood and the disastrous Forerunner-Flood War as the Forerunners proved totally inadequate to deal with the Flood. The Didact later regretted the complete destruction of Humanity as he was unaware the Flood was the reason for Humanity's aggression during Human-Flood War.

The San'Shyuum homeworld was placed under quarantine with a Forerunner military fortress orbiting the planet. When the Librarian attempted to index the San'Shyuum during the early stages of Forerunner-Flood War, the San'Shyuum mistook her intentions and rose in revolt against the Forerunners. The Master Builder took this opportunity to test Halo's effects on living beings on the San'Shyuum homeworld, which surpassed all expectations. The genocidal act led to the near extinction of the San'Shyuum as a species and Faber's removal from power, and subsequent trial on charges of treason against the Mantle.

Humans
Before the war, Humanity had reached Tier 1 technology on the Technological Achievement Tiers scale similar to those of the Forerunners. When Bornstellar obtained the Didact's memories, he gained insights into Charum Hakkor at the height of its powers. He described the implacable Precursor ruins of Charum Hakkor studded with Human constructs, like ivy growing on great trees: vast cities and energy towers and defense platforms operating at geosynchronous orbit and equigravitation, little less sophisticated than Forerunner ships and platforms and stations. Finally, he concludes that humans had been a great power, a worthy adversary—technologically.

List of appearances

 * Forerunner Saga
 * Halo: Cryptum

Internal

 * Humans
 * Forerunners
 * Erde-Tyrene

External

 * Tor.com — Halo: Cryptum chapter one excerpt