Covenant religion

"Every member of the Covenant shall walk the Path. None will be left behind when our Great Journey begins! That is the Prophets' age-old promise, and it shall be fulfilled!"

- The Prophet of Regret

The Covenant is founded on and united by a single religion, based upon the worship of the ancient race of beings known as the Forerunners. The Covenant commonly refer to the religion and its teachings as the Path.

Background
According to the Covenant religion, the Forerunners, a race of enlightened beings regarded as nearly omniscient and all-powerful, discovered a way to transcend the physical world and became divine gods by activating the Halos, or "Sacred Rings" as referred to by members of the Covenant. The Halos uplifted the Forerunners into transsentience, but left all lesser, unworthy races behind. The Covenant believe themselves to be the chosen inheritors of the Forerunners, and seek to reclaim the "gifts" they left behind, in most cases lost technology. Their ultimate goal is to locate and activate the Halo installations. In doing so, it is believed that all faithful adherents to the Covenant religion will be uplifted as the Forerunners were, following them on a Great Journey resulting in godhood. This belief is shared, with varying degrees of sincerity, amongst all the Covenant's client races.

Reformists and Stoics
The Covenant religion was first practiced on Janjur Qom, the San'Shyuum homeworld, between two factions, the Stoics and the Reformists. Although both factions believed in the prophecy of ascendancy and the holiness of artifacts left behind by their gods, they held different views on how the religion should be practiced; the Reformists believed that the religion could spread throughout the galaxy by using their gods' ship, but the Stoics viewed their actions as desecrating the memory of the Forerunner. This initiated the San'Shyuum Schism, a conflict which resulted in the defeat of the Stoics. This left the Reformists firmly in charge of expanding the Covenant religion.

Conflict and spread
While the exact date remains unrecorded, the Ages of Conflict spanned over thousand of years and was a significant period in the spreading of the Covenant religion and empire. In the First Age of Conflict, the San'Shyuum Reformists eventually encountered a saurian species known as the Sangheili. This alien race had developed its faith in the Forerunner deities independently of the San'Shyuum. However, while they shared similar religious beliefs, the Sangheili believed that tampering with the artifacts of the gods was an unforgivable offense. This first contact soon lead to the San'Shyuum-Sangheili War. The war ended with the submission of the Sangheili into the newly unified Covenant faith, and the formation of a new empire. The Sangheili would take the role as the warriors, with the San'Shyuum acting as their superiors in matters of technology and faith, advising their allies on how best to achieve the Great Journey.

Development and rebellion
"Ask the Oracle about Halo...how they would sacrifice us all for nothing!"

- Sesa 'Refumee to the Arbiter.

The development of the Covenant religion spanned over seven ages; the Age of Abandonment, Ages of Conflict, Age of Reconciliation, Age of Discovery, Age of Conversion, Ages of Doubt and the Ages of Reclamation. These ages saw the expansion of the Empire's power and the belief in the Great Journey throughout its new vassals races. The Kig-yar became the next species to submit into the Covenant religion (though most were influenced by monetary rewards granted by the San'Shyuum), followed by the Unggoy. The Jiralhanae were the last extraterrestrial species to join the Covenant religion.

The Covenant religion was not entirely without internal and heretical conflicts; throughout developmental history of the religion, several events arose such as the Heretic uprising on Alpha Halo in the Ninth Age of Reclamation. Such events would require a disgraced Sangheili sent on suicide missions that would restore peace and prevent the spread of heresy. These disgraced warriors would be called "Arbiters".

The rise and fall
"In a moment, I will light the rings! And all who believe... shall be saved!"

- The Prophet of Truth

The Covenant religion reached its zenith when a Covenant fleet discovered their first "Sacred Ring". This discovery called for the presence of the holy city High Charity to witness this great revelation. However, efforts to ignite the ring was prevented by a demon of the UNSC, who destroyed relic without hesitation. This sacrilege filled the hearts of many faithful believers with grief, having come so close to the fulfillment of the Great Journey. However, only a month later another Sacred Ring was discovered when the High Prophet of Regret made a slipspace travel to the Coelest system. However, the Covenant was once again denied in their efforts. Then, the unthinkable occurred: a demon killed the High Prophet of Regret, a member of the political and religious triumvirate that ruled the Covenant. This unfortunate event gave rise of the Jiralhanae in taking over the role of the Sangheili in the Covenant Empire. The Sangheili was also subsequently expunged from the Covenant following the events of the Great Schism. Though not destroyed, this second Sacred Ring along with the other Halos were put on a standby mode as a result of the battle. They could only be activated by a central hub known simply as the Ark.

The High Prophet of Truth was aware of this fact and left early before the UNSC intervened the activation of the second Sacred Ring. During the Covenant invasion of Earth, Truth had his fleet excavate an ancient installation that would enable him and his fleet to journey towards the Ark. The UNSC along with its newfound allies, the Sangheili, traveled to the Ark to do battle with the Prophet-allied forces. The humans were successful, destroying the path to the Ark and removing the threat of the Halo Array for all time.

Post-Schism
Following the Great Schism and the death of the Prophet of Truth, the Covenant effectively dissolved. For more than six years, the member species of the Covenant fought a brutal civil war. Immediately following Truth's death, the San'Shyuum sought to save themselves from the rage of the Sangheili, and so provided the Jiralhanae with new weapons, ships and other tools to aid in their protection. During this period the Prophets, who already had been few in number, largely disappeared, leading to rumors that they had actually finally achieved the Great Journey.

Even amongst the Covenant remnants their belief in the Forerunners as gods was not completely abandoned, but rather the Schism marked a return to more ancient systems of belief. As one Sangheili Shipmaster believed, "he knew his gods were out there, but he had no idea what they wanted." Members of the Covenant had relied on the Prophets to lead them in spiritual matters. The devout Sangheili in particular had not had any need for their own religious leaders for centuries, and now found that few among them had the knowledge or the ability to comprehend the will of the gods. For a people whose sole purpose had been enforcing their gods' will, this was a terrifying prospect.

While the Covenant religion itself was more or less defunct, worship of the Forerunners among the Sangheili persisted into the post-war era. The Servants of the Abiding Truth, a group of Sangheili fundamentalists, continued to uphold their species' pre-Covenant religious beliefs and took aggressive action against the secular regime spearheaded by Thel 'Vadam. Another group, led by former Covenant shipmaster Jul 'Mdama, also continues to revere the Forerunners as gods, and sought out the Didact on the Shield World Requiem in order to ask for his aid in destroying humanity.

The Great Journey
The Great Journey is the central goal of the Covenant religion. According to the Covenant, the Forerunners initiated the first Great Journey through the use of the seven Halos, or sacred rings, which unleashed a "divine wind" that swept through the galaxy and elevated the Forerunners to godhood. The Covenant seeks to do the same by finding and activating the sacred rings, which would transcend those worthy to the divine beyond, a heavenly paradise they will share with the Forerunners. The non-believers and those unworthy of the journey would be left behind, as punishment for their heresy.

In addition to being their overall goal, the Covenant also employ the term "Great Journey" in a broader sense; as an expression of the path to transcendence, both collectively and individually. For example, a Sangheili warrior's individual "Great Journey" is said to start when they first begin their training.

The Mantle
The Covenant are aware of the Forerunner concept of the Mantle, although they appear to misunderstand its true meaning. Whereas the Forerunners' Mantle was their responsibility to protect and watch over all life in the galaxy, the Covenant regard the Mantle as their divine right to inherit dominion over the galaxy, namely through following in the footsteps of their gods.

The Halo Array
The Halos, otherwise referred to as "Sacred Rings" or "Holy Rings" by members of the Covenant, were seven holy artifacts that, when activated, would propel all "worthy" individuals in the galaxy into a heavenly paradise, where they would exist as divine beings. This could only be achieved by the retrieval of the "Sacred Icon", a holy artifact that would activate the rings.

From the inception of the Covenant religion, the Covenant Empire has scoured all known star systems within their reach, relentless in finding at least one of these Sacred Rings. The search for the rings spanned over seven Ages; the Age of Reclamation was the age in which the Covenant has finally came into contact of two Sacred Rings. The first contact was short-lived, as the first Halo was destroyed by a demon, while the firing of the second was stopped due to UNSC intervention.

The Parasite
The Flood, or "The Parasite" as referred to by members of the Covenant, are an unholy, virulent species regarded as one of many tests and obstacles that the believers of the Covenant must conquer in order to achieve the Great Journey. According to the Covenant, the Flood were vanquished by the Forerunners long ago, and were purged from existence when the Great Journey commenced. The latter was later revealed to be false, however, when the Flood reappeared on one of the Sacred Rings.

The Governors of Contrition, a radical sect within the Covenant religion, believed the Flood to be Forerunner creations and therefore sacred. Their views were not widely accepted, however.

Oracles
The Covenant refer to all Forerunner AIs as "Oracles". They believe these constructs to hold holy knowledge regarding the Great Journey, and hold their words as sacred truths. Mendicant Bias and the Monitors are all regarded as oracles by the Covenant.

The Arbiter
"Here rest the vanguard of the Great Journey, every Arbiter from first to last. Each one created and consumed in times of extraordinary crisis."

- The Prophet of Truth to the Arbiter.

Arbiter is a traditional and religious title held by a Sangheili in times of great distress and pressure. An Arbiter would only be required to undertake tasks given out by the High Prophets and would be expected to sacrifice their life for the advancement of the Covenant and achievement of the Great Journey. The title of Arbiter was once given to the commander of the Sangheili military, and was regarded as a great honor; after the heresy of Arbiter Fal 'Chavamee, however, the title was appointed to those had disgraced themselves and would only be redeemed through death.

Demons
"An insult, to be sure, but one with a modicum of respect."

- Thel 'Vadam on John-117's title as the Demon

The Covenant refer to the UNSC's Spartans as "demons," and regard them with a mixture of contempt and superstitious fear. Low ranking client races such as the Unggoy and Kig-Yar would frequently panic upon engaging Spartans, their numbers and advanced technology providing little benefit in a protracted fight. The same would prove true of the San'Shyuum Hierarchs, despising demons for their blasphemous defiance of the Great Journey, yet fearful of their lives in the presence of one. Mgalekgolo and Yanme'e were unaffected by the presence of a SPARTAN, as their drastically different nervous systems left them incapable of feeling fear. Sangheili held a more spiteful, begrudging opinion of demons, incredulous that unworthy "vermin" could be the cause of so much havoc. Often, Sangheili or Jiralhanae would disregard tactics and hurl themselves at demons, fighting for the honor of the kill. However such impromptu duels usually resulted in the deaths of the challengers, not the demons. However, after the Great Schism a few Sangheili came to admire the prowess and courage of these warriors, though such views remained rare. Orbital Drop Shock Troopers have been referred to as "imps" in much the same way. The term has also been applied to the renegade Arbiter Fal 'Chavamee.

It is a common superstition among the Sangheili that SPARTANs are reanimated soldiers killed in battle, brought back to life through artificial means to fight again.

Amongst the Covenant, John-117, otherwise known as the Master Chief, the SPARTANs de facto commander gained the title of The Demon from the Covenant, setting him aside from the rest of the SPARTANs. This came from his destruction of Installation 04. According to Arbiter Thel 'Vadam, this was done as an insult but also with a modicum of respect, showing that even the Covenant, while fearing and insulting their most hated enemy, also had a level of respect for him and his skills as well. Indeed, 'Vadam himself displayed a level of respect for the Master Chief after the events of Halo 2: while they came close to fighting at the beginning of Halo 3 and didn't like each other, Thel worked side by side with his old enemy. Thel continued to refer to him as the Demon even while fighting with him, but showed more respect later, changing to calling him "Spartan" instead.

Known Scriptures
The San'Shyuum kept written Psalms which expressed the Covenant's faith on the Forerunners and the Great Journey. Only the Psalms listed by the Minister of Discovery are known.
 * Psalm of the Journey
 * Psalm of Primacy
 * Psalm of Teaching
 * Psalm of Sorrow

Sangheili
The Sangheili were once the most devout believers in the San'Shyuum's vision. However, the events at Installation 05 and the Sangheili's replacement by the Jiralhanae muddied the former's belief in the San'Shyuum and in the Great Journey. After the betrayal of the Sangheili was made known, the Sangheili became enraged and opposed the leadership of the High Prophets, subsequently leading to the Great Schism. By 2559, some Sangheili continue to revere the Forerunners as gods, though they do not consider the San'Shyuum to be the gods' messengers. The Servants of Abiding Truth, an ancient Sangheili fundamentalist order, continues to engage in worship of the Forerunners.

Jiralhanae
The latest addition to the Covenant Hegemony, the Jiralhanae at the time of their inception were largely disorganized and were essentially barbarians without any known belief system. The San'Shyuum sought to improve the species by associating them closely with the hierarchy figures, enabling them to embrace the Covenant religion with ease. For the most part, the Jiralhanae were blindly loyal to the San'Shyuum, obeying every command.

Unggoy
Many Unggoy care little for religion, as they were forced into the Covenant, but those that do stayed loyal to the San'Shyuum during the Great Schism.

As a species, their opinions may be split; while many of the Unggoy that Dadab attempts to sermon to are too unintelligent to give any thought to religious matters, the fact that at least some Unggoy are shown to hold mass prayer sessions lasting up to an hour or more as well as Dadab's adopted role of a preacher in itself is testament to the fact that a large number of Unggoy are active believers.

Kig-Yar
The Kig-Yar served more as hired mercenaries than true believers, but still remained with the San'Shyuum during the Great Schism. Their religious beliefs are unknown, but their loyalty to the San'Shyuum is unquestionable, though this is more likely because they wished to be on the side of the more powerful faction. This choice later proved to be an unwise decision.

Others
Likewise, Yanme'e and Lekgolo seem to feel no need for religion in their societies, but continued to follow the Prophets. As a result of their hive-minded lifestyle, the Yanme'e obeyed the San'Shyuum without thought or question. Individual beliefs may have played a part in the Lekgolo's decision, but they may have sided with the Prophets for the same reason as the Kig-Yar, if not for beliefs. At least some Lekgolo have sided with the Sangheili in their opposition, however.

As artificial sentient nanomechanical organisms, Huragok were created by the Forerunners. They have no interest in religion, preferring to focus their attentions onto the technology they are responsible for. Even prior to the Great Schism, Huragok seemed to remain neutral in any fights, one even going as far as to create a gift symbolizing peace for the humans and helping the humans escape. Some Yonhet such as Axl have continued to display strong devotion to the Great Journey even after the fall of the Covenant Empire.

Trivia

 * On Installation 00, a Terminal left behind by the Forerunners uses "Great Journey" as a translation for the exile undertaken by the surviving Forerunners after the firing of the Halo Array. Through similar records on other Forerunner installations, the Covenant may have learned of the name and used it to apply to their religion in yet another case of misinterpretation.
 * The fall of the Covenant period can perhaps be understood as somewhat being akin the Protestant Reformation in Western Christianity. A loss of faith in a society's religious leaders did not lead to a complete abandonment of said religion's deities. Rather it led to a period of intense conflict as various factions began to develop their own new interpretations of ancient beliefs. Although the Sangheili no longer believed in the Prophets as the messengers of the gods or in the Great Journey as they had described it, many still believed in their gods.
 * The superstition that "Demons" are actually dead soldiers reanimated by artificial means is reminiscent of the battleroids, including the player character from the Marathon trilogy. Battleroids are brought back from the dead to serve as physically and technologically augmented supersoldiers.