Jiralhanae

"The Prophets are liars. But you are fools to do their bidding"

- The Arbiter

The Jiralhanae (Latin, Servus ferox, meaning "wild slave" ) are a race of ape-like creatures in the unified conglomerate races of the Covenant. The Humans have termed such warriors Brutes because they are an extremely savage and brutal race in general. The Brutes also resembles gorillas in a way when they charge at their enemies.

Overview
The Brutes have been around since the time of the destruction of the planet Harvest, but the Sangheili for good reason greatly feared the goals and ambitions of the Brutes and purposefully kept them in low-ranking positions for as long as possible. They seem to have high aspirations, and are extremely zealous in their belief of the Covenant's Great Journey, mainly due to their blind faith in the Covenant. The plot to have them put into power over the Elites started with their alliance with the Prophet of Truth during the Battle of Harvest and continued to gain headway until the eventual splitting of the Covenant between Covenant Loyalist Brutes and the Covenant Separatist Elites. They became the Honor Guards of the Prophets after the High Prophet of Regret was slain by the Master Chief, resulting in the removal of the Elites from this traditional role. They protect the Prophets fiercely, mainly due to their blind faith in the Great Journey, and the Prophets. They first appeared in the Sacred Icon level, but the only ones seen here are dead bodies. They are first encountered in the level Gravemind.

Description
Brutes are of Simian origin. They have thick, gray skin, and are covered with matted, black, tan, or brown fur-like hair and some have short black colored beards. Their large, stocky appearance is most likely due to the gravity on their planet which is about twice the gravity of that on Earth. As they age, the hair will change to a grayish silver color which is a great sign of respect for all Brutes. They have very sharp teeth and sometimes use them as a weapon. Standing nine feet tall, they are immensely strong (to the point of overpowering a SPARTAN in MJOLNIR armor in hand to hand combat) and fight hand-to-hand if they ever lose their weapon, to the point of overpowering Elites. One almost killed Master Chief as though his armor wasn't there, which shows how dangerous they can be. The Brutes, with the exception of Tartarus (who perhaps channeled it from Forerunner technology during activation), did not use energy shielding in Halo 2. In Halo 3, all of them are equipped with Power Armor. They speak in deep, gravelly voices when speaking our language, however they often speak with loud roars and grunts.

In many military records, Brutes are referred to as 'Bravo Kilos', since UNSC Marines have nicknamed Brutes 'Baby Kongs', a reference to King Kong of 20th century fame.

Culture
Brutes are extremely zealous creatures, known for their willingness to cling to ancient, bloody traditions and are deep believers in the promise of the Great Journey. Their home is war-torn, and the creatures are known for their particular joy in vicious activity complimented by regimented discipline.

They seem to prefer using weapons from their native home-world rather than the Covenant standard-issue plasma-based firearms. Brute weapons are notable for being highly dangerous and always featuring a blade attachment such as the Spiker, Mauler, and the Brute Shot.This shows their very rough barbarous culture. Although they do have their own type of plasma rifle, only in Halo 2 (the rifle is red, but fires twice as fast as its blue counterpart, also causing it to overheat twice as fast). This type of plasma rifle was removed in Halo 3. In general, Brutes have a pronounced dislike of the Sangheili. They believe that they can protect the Prophets better, than them, and the Prophet of Truth took advantage of this to ignite the Great Schism during the events of Halo 2.

Family
Brutes have a fierce pack culture, a close knit affair that ties each member to another and forces them into varying states of rage known as "berserking", and desperate mourning for their fallen pack mates should one die in battle. Each pack is led by a Brute Chieftain who often wields a ceremonial Hammer to denote his status. A Brute becomes a pack Chieftain by challenging the current Chieftain to a Mortal duel; the victor claims the title after executing the other. Their warrior culture is extremely patriarchal with rank measured by success in the battlefield. No noticeable female Brutes have been seen in battle.

Naming
Examples of Brute names are Tartarus and Bracktanus. In Contact Harvest, it is revealed that the "us" at the end of their name is an honorific denoting maturity or experience in battle. Oddly, in Halo: Ghosts of Onyx, there was Brute Shipmaster, by the name of Gargantum, which seems to contradict this rule, although this is never explained why.

History
Despite their savagery, Brutes have proven intelligent enough to achieve spaceflight and space-faring status, though their warlike nature meant they quickly collapsed into civil war after, falling back to their former pre-space status and learning nothing from the experience. The Brutes had recently concluded a mechanized war of attrition in which the many master packs fought and pummeled each other back to a pre-industrial state. When the Covenant discovered them, they had just rediscovered radio and rocketry. Their warrior culture makes them formidable opponents, even for Elites, and they were incorporated into the Covenant as fierce guards and heavy infantry.

Brutes are obviously carnivores, given their fearsome fanged jaws and propensity for violence. It has been stated that they feed on the flesh of their enemies, such as the Humans they face in battle, and have been seen eating the meat of a Thorn Beast, apparently considered a delicacy among Brutes. They have once stated they would gladly have devoured the Arbiter, had they been allowed. As part of the Covenant, Brutes were required as a prerequisite to convert to the Prophets' religion of worshiping the Forerunners. Previously, their culture revolved around the worship of totems and idols, but they made swift converts. As it is, the Brutes are now the most fanatical adherents to the Prophet's faith, evidenced by their continued belief in the Great Journey.

Even at a glance, the Brutes are the most primitive members of the Covenant, at least technologically. Though they employ Power Armor, and use a selection of the Covenant's weapons such as the plasma rifle, their native technology is crude, propelling spike-like projectiles, often fitted with vicious metal blades for melee combat.

Homeworld
Doisac is the name of the Brute homeworld. It possesses three satellites: Warial, Solrapt and Teash, and is the fourth planet of the Oth Sonin system. The gravity on the planet is approximately 2.1G while the atmosphere is 1.3 atm. Surface temperature is between -15'C to 52'C. The estimated population of the planet is approximately 12.5 billion. Its habitat is described as being dominated by magma and magnetism.

Anatomy and Physiology
Brutes are a physically imposing enemy to face in combat. Standing at approximately 9 feet tall, they tower not only over their human opponents, but are taller than Elites and are taller than the majority of their Covenant allies. They have thick, gray skin that is resistant to damage.

They are covered in thick, shaggy fur that offers further protection. It covers most of the body except for the head and the shoulder blades. Brutes exhibit two colorations: brown and gray. This is perhaps an indication of age, since lower ranking Brutes are brown and Honor Guard Brutes and Tartarus himself are gray. In Halo 3, they are seen with shaved faces, which increases the fearful effect they have on opponents. Brutes have mixed red-and-blue blood (on first glance they look completely red, but on closer inspection one would see blue spots in pools of Brute blood). At a casual glance, it appears purple. Brutes resemble a cross between a Neanderthal human and a bear, being taller and more thickset in the torso and limbs than a human.

Heavily muscled and possessed of an animalistic brutality and power, Brutes can rely on close combat to defeat their enemies, even more so than their Elite counterparts. Featuring characteristics Simian, Ursine and alien, their appearance matches their human given name.

Brutes have four digits on each hand including an opposable thumb. As such this allows them to make use of a variety of weapons both of Covenant and human design. Their feet have only two digits. When it comes to ranged conflict Brutes show a tendency to use large, rapid firing, often powerful weapons. This may be indicative of their mentality and an extension of their brutal nature. The many spikes and serrated edges that adorn their race's weapons, vehicles and armor further exhibit this. It is interesting to note that in Halo 2 Jiralhanae can be seen using human M90 shotguns. The Brutes also created a hand gun version of the Shotgun, the Mauler, in Halo 3.

Brutes are not as mentally slow as they may appear, and are often fairly cunning tacticians. As such they can pilot vehicles, ships and command both land based and fleet encounters with strategic competence, if lacking in artistic flair.

Brutes are known to descend into a highly aggressive berserk killing-rage when all their packmates have been killed. Their incredible physical strength coupled with a dogged self determination to kill their target makes a berserk Brute a force to be reckoned with, powerful enough to occasionally kill Hunters. Also, when berserking, they will not hesitate to attack an enemy, even if the target is in a vehicle, such as a Ghost. If the target is in a Spectre or Wraith, they will board it and attempt to kill (in a Wraith) or force the enemy out (such as in a Warthog or Spectre). Interestingly, they will not attack, nor hijack a low flying vehicle (such as a Banshee).

Interestingly, Brutes in Halo 2 are almost completely armor less, have small heads, blackish-purplish blood, have suction cups on their feet and are covered with fur, but in Halo 3 they are completely protected by power armor, they are clean shaven, they have a bigger head relative to their body, they have crimson blood and they have no suction cups. One theory is that during the time of Halo 2 all Brutes were part of Tartarus pack and wore the traditional armor of the Brute race instead of the power armor.This could also be due to them being 2 completely different species of Brutes with different hemoglobin chemicals and diets causing the increase in skull size. The brutes in Halo 2 may have not worn their armor because they were not Included in many endeavors of the covenant due to skepticism of their competence by the Elites.

Battlefield Tactics
Unlike Elites, who are masterfully skilled tacticians, the Brute combat mentality relies on overwhelming force, sheer brute strength, power in numbers, and the firepower to kill its opposition, (and it must be noticed that this tactic will work in-game if the player doesn't run away fast enough). However, Brutes are also capable of more advanced tactics such as flanking maneuvers and taking cover. Most Brute packs encountered in Halo 3 will often consist of 4-6 individuals; the number of each type of individual varies with the difficulty being played. Often, these packs will consist of 1 Brute Captain, 1-2 Brute Majors and 2-3 Brute Minors. It can be twice that many if there is a Chieftain in command near by. Whilst patrolling, Brutes exhibit a sense of calm and confidence, some have been found testing captured human weaponry whilst in this relaxed state. Once engaged in combat the Brutes hunch into a more ape-like stance and begin firing upon their target(s). Often the target is subjected to a barrage of fire and explosives in excess of what Elites and Grunts can muster simply because of the new Brute weaponry.

Brutes rely primarily on their own technology. They are initially found wielding Brute Plasma Rifles to deadly effect. These faster firing variants on the standard Plasma Rifle suit the Brute mentality well. Higher ranking members of the pack (often Captains) are found of using the Brute Shot allowing a Brute pack to lay down a withering hail of explosive fire on an enemy position. In the later months of the Covenant Civil War, they become much better equipped, with many weapons of their own make such as Spikers and Spike Grenades.

Like the Elites, the Brutes can pilot most vehicles including Ghosts, Spectres, Banshees and Wraiths. Brutes also have the ability to Board vehicles. If given the opportunity, they will attempt to jump onto your vehicle and melee you off it. In Halo 3 Brutes use two new vehicles, the Chopper and the Prowler.

With the advent of the Covenant Civil War, Brute weaponry is more commonplace. The Type-2 Antipersonnel Fragmentation Grenade, more commonly known as the Spike Grenade, is a creation of the Brutes themselves. It is suspected that with their newly found dominance amongst the Covenant Loyalists, the Brute Plasma Rifle has been replaced with the Type-25 Carbine or Spiker. The blades that adorn this weapon are testament to their barbaric nature and their affinity for close-quarters combat.

Brutes are also fond of explosives and will often use all types of Grenades in combat (particularly Spike and Incendiary grenades). They have also been known to use Fuel Rod Cannons, Rocket Launchers, and even Frag Grenades. For some reason, Brutes seem particularly fascinated with human Shotguns, perhaps attributable to the advent of the Mauler into the Covenant ranks. Their skill with the Covenant Carbine, makes them dangerous at mid to long ranges. On higher difficulties in High Charity, Brutes will use Battle Rifles, but this is quite rare, since they regard most human weapons as worthless (despite how effective some of these are against them, an example would be the Battle Rifle).

The last surviving Brute of a pack will go berserk, charging at its enemies in a blind rage. This may be due to the strong bonds with the members of their pack. A Brute, after calming down from its rage, will sulk and mourn the loss of its comrades, even caress the bodies of the fallen. However, upon seeing its enemy, the Brute will abandon its sulking mood and once again become enraged. This mourning is a rare occurrence, almost never seen in combat, and only when there is a brief lull in the fighting.

Brutes are extremely resilient, and can take enormous amounts of damage. Before Halo 3, they lacked any form of equivalent to the Elite Personal Energy Shield but worryingly they don't seem to need the shielding. As of Halo 3, regular adoption of Power Armor has been cycled into Brute ranks. However, the Power Armor is weak to Plasma-based weaponry and can fall apart. If the armor is succesfully destroyed, the Brute will charge and try to fight hand to hand.

Brute Rampage
A Brute Rampage (also known as "Berserking") is when a Brute becomes enraged, drops his weapon and aggressively charges its enemy in a sloppy, uncoordinated and reckless attack. The Brutes in Halo 3 keep hold of their weapon, though they still charge instead of fireing it. When a Brute berserks they may charge in a straight line towards you. This can be exploited by jumping straight up near a cliff causing them to run off the edge. Weapon Chieftains do not drop their weapon, instead they charge with their Gravity Hammer. Captains have been seen going berserk while wildly firing there weapon with full/semi-full power armor.

Causes

 * Member of said Brute's pack is killed.
 * When the player is seen by a Chieftain.
 * Random anger on higher dificulties for higher ranks.
 * Occasionaly when their power armor is stripped.

Combating Brutes
When engaging Brutes one should note their incredible endurance. On Legendary mode, even the weakest of them can take massive amounts of damage, similar to a fully shielded Elite or Spartan. Even the lowliest of Brutes should not be taken lightly.




 * M6C Magnum/M6G Magnum - Can be effective at close to medium range once you have removed the helmet to get a quick head shot. It is also very effective when dual-wielded with the plasma pistol. One overcharged shot followed by a headshot is lethal. Note: This does not work on Brute Chieftains or in Halo 2.


 * Shotguns are very effective against Brutes at point blank range. It should take two hits or one hit and a melee attack to kill one, though higher ranking Brutes, like the Brute Chieftains, may take up to three or four with Power Armor. Though, the level of difficulty may effect the amount of shots they take also. In Halo 2 shotguns are almost completely useless against Brutes.


 * Needler - One of the most effective weapons against the Brutes. Filling a Brute with needles until it explodes is a certain way to kill one quickly especially if you are duel wielding one.


 * Brute Shot - Effective against most Brutes especially if they are mostly alone. Throw grenades while walking forward to stun it, and once you're close enough you can kill it with a melee attack. Even if you cannot get close enough to melee it you can destroy most of its armor this way allowing for a head shot from a Battle Rifle or Covenant Carbine. Blanketing groups of Brutes with Brute Shot grenades is an effective way to remove their armor them before picking them off with a Battle Rifle.
 * Melee - Melee fights with Brutes are incredibly risky, even for skilled players, though strikes from behind are instant kills. There is, in fact, an Achievement in the PC edition of Halo 2 for killing a berserker Brute with a melee attack. In Halo 3, melee attacking Brutes is less risky. If you have taken some of its armor off, then a low ranking Brute should die in one hit. However, it should not be attempted on high ranking Brutes such as Chieftains. Taking a Brute's armor down completely will make them have a small fit of rage. At close range, while they are doing this, it is possible to go behind them and assassinate them before they can turn around. Sometimes Brutes will try to melee you if you are close enough. If you are positioned correctly and move fast enough, you should dodge it, exposing the Brute's back (or sometimes their side), which you should melee for an instant kill. It is advised that you jump to dodge a Gravity Hammer though, and note that they can do a sort of turn around melee when you are behind them. Also, in Halo 2 Rtas Vadum and some Elites can do the same with the energy sword, often to a devastating effect.
 * Plasma Pistol - An overcharged Plasma Pistol can remove all of a Brutes armor in one hit. A Chieftain's armor (Halo 3) will not fall off completely, but he will still lose his shields and sometimes knocking off his helmet (which may allow for you to stick him). Plasma Pistols are virtually useless in Halo 2. It is, however, very effective when dual-wielded with the M6G Magnum (Halo 3 only). One overcharged shot followed by a headshot is lethal, or an overcharged shot followed by an immediate melee. This does not work on Brute Chieftains, and they require several overcharged shots by the Plasma Pistol to remove their armor completely.


 * Plasma Rifle - Although Plasma Rifles aren't often seen as an excellent weapon, charging at a Brute whilst firing the Plasma Rifle rapidly would easily bring a Brute's armor down. A finishing melee would bring be enough to finish it off. This only works in Halo 3, where the Brutes have obtained their new Power Armor.


 * The Noob Combo, an overcharged plasma pistol fired at a brute followed immediately by a head shot by a Battle Rifle, carbine, or magnum is effective in killing every rank of Brute except Brute Chieftains. In the meta-game this combo is actually awarded bonus points, despite its poor reputation from Halo 2 multiplayer.
 * Battle Rifle/Carbine - Another effective tactic against Brutes in Halo 3 is to stay out of range and pummel it with a Battle Rifle or Covenant Carbine. The object here is to first shoot off it's helmet/armor and then make a head shot. Since Battle Rifle ammo can sometimes be scarce, it is a good idea to use weaker weapons like the assault rifle and the plasma pistol to deactivate their shields and save the Battle Rifle ammo for headshots. Groups of Brutes will try to outflank you if you try and stay out of range. It is a good idea to keep moving between cover to stop them from overrunning you.
 * MA5C Assault Rifle - The Assault rifle is quite effective against brutes, taking half a clip to kill a Brute Minor. It should take a maximum of 1 full clip to kill any Brute (besides a Chieftain). Use this weapon at Medium ranges, and fire in bursts to simulate Battle Rifle fire and then once the shields are down switch to a headshot weapon. At close ranges try to melee the brute, do to the balanced of the fire/melee nature of the Assault Rifle.


 * Machine Gun Turret/Plasma Cannon - If available, the hail of damage will rip right through their armor and you can fire indefinitely to keep them in cover while your Marines or co-op players kill the other enemies such as Grunts or Jackals before moving in for the kill on the Brutes. With excessive amounts of Brutes you may need to detach the turret and take it to a more defensible position. Take note that it no longer has unlimited ammunition so suppressing fire is no longer as viable an option.


 * M7/Caseless Submachine Gun - The guns low accuracy and high recoil make it an okay choice against unshielded opponents in close quarters. It is best use dual-wielded with a plasma weapons, because of plasma anti-shield abilities. This weapon is only found on the level Crow's Nest, Floodgate, Cortana, and Halo on Halo 3, but is found throughout the campaign in Halo 2.


 * Sniper Rifle/Beam Rifle - Very effective weapon against brutes, with headshots, it is even better. Always aim for the head or eye. Unlike an Elite, sniping Brutes on their body is not that effective, except to remove armor as they can take 2 or 3 shots before dying. Don't try it when they have gone berserk, for the majority of the shots will be wasted. To fully extend the use of the sniper it is not recommended to use on Brute minors any any other low classed Brute, due to the fact that sniper ammunition (or a replacement rifle) is scarce.


 * Scenario - Sometimes during gameplay you will come across brutes acting out certain mini plays. These small plays, like the one where the Brute is peeing on a wall on The Ark, or the Brute Chieftain is hurting one of his captives on Sierra 117, allow you to melee the brutes in back, or shoot them from afar, or stick them with plasmas, or spiker's, allowing you to avoid deadly confrontations. On most levels of Halo 3 there is a small mini scene where you can attack the brute (though the scene will be totally interrupted and all the other enemies will start to attack you). It is best if you learn to exploit these scenarios for yourself, for they are far to numerous to list them all.

Post-Covenant
Though the Jiralhanae retained their pack and tribalistic culture, their constant internal feuds began to take a back seat as enmity with the Sangheili built up, caused by the similarity in roles between the two species. Though the Jiralhanae retained the majority of their pre-Covenant technology, they also began to incorporate aspects of Covenant technology into their own designs, including mounting a plasma cannon onto their Prowler, a vehicle with a strong Jiralhanae aesthetic but with Covenant technology. The Jiralhanae have little need to learn the languages of other species, instead relying on translation devices. Their exact fate, after the disastrous defeat at the Ark, is unknown, though it is extremely unlikely that they would surrender or retreat, or that the Sangheili would allow them to. Thus, it is reasonable to think that the UNSC and Elites destroyed the remnants of Brute resistance or are in the process of doing so.

Appearances
Chronologically, the first appearance in canon that the Brutes make is in Halo: Contact Harvest, where the Prophets send a Brute-operated vessel, rather than an Elite ship, to capture the "relics" on Harvest: actually the human occupants. The resulting hostilities led to the Human-Covenant War.

After the events at Harvest, the Brutes played an even more reduced role, absent from almost every battle or event in the war. This is possibly explained by their failure to eradicate all the humans on Harvest. They soon began petitioning the High Council for more participation within the Covenant military. They were next seen in Halo: First Strike acting as Temple Guards on the Unyielding Hierophant. In Halo 2, they began to replace the Elites within the military, eventually replacing them completely after they withdrew from the Covenant, and in Halo 3 they make up the dominant caste among the Covenant armed forces. In Halo: Ghosts of Onyx, Brutes are shown loading human nuclear missiles aboard a destroyer for analysis, but play a relatively minor part. But Brutes never appeared in Halo: Combat Evolved.

Published Order
 * Halo: First Strike
 * Halo 2
 * Halo: Ghosts of Onyx
 * Halo: Contact Harvest
 * Halo 3
 * Halo: Uprising
 * Halo: Last One Standing

Brute Hierarchy
The Brute species is arranged in a pack society, based on a hierarchy determined by viciousness and number of war kills. In Halo 2, Brute ranks were mostly determined by red flags on their backs, the amount of armor they wore and the color of their fur. Ranks in Halo 3 are differentiated physically by armor, equipment and weaponry:

Other Ranks
Brute Ship Master Commanders of ships. They may be equivalent to Chieftains of the Jiralhanae.

Halo 2

 * Gravemind
 * Uprising
 * High Charity
 * The Great Journey

Halo 3

 * Sierra 117
 * Crow's Nest
 * Tsavo Highway
 * The Storm
 * The Ark
 * The Covenant

Trivia

 * In the level Floodgate if you escape the level and walk torwards the the giant container farthest from the level. You can walk into it and see a brute arm laying on the ground.
 * Even though the Brutes were encountered before the war, they are not actually officially a part of the Covenant armed forces until September 2552, in OPERATION: FIRST STRIKE.


 * The word "Jiralhanae" (지랄하네) is a Korean word meaning something in the league of a "stupid aggressive lunatic".


 * Brutes were the first Covenant creatures encountered by humanity on peaceful terms.


 * The ViDoc, Et Tu Brute, shows Brutes wielding energy swords, however they are never seen doing so in the finished game. Et Tu Brute also shows a Brute Minor with a Brute Shot using the corpse of another Brute as cover from which to fire from, and another tearing the arms off a captured Marine.


 * Servus is Latin for slave. Ferox means "headstrong, spirited, courageous, warlike/wild, arrogant, unbridled". In a translation, their name means "headstrong (or other word) slave".


 * In the Halo 3 level, The Ark, you can see a Brute Captain urinating on a wall before he sees you, allowing you to melee him in the back. Afterwards you can see what he had done on the floor.


 * In Halo 2, Brute captains wear shoulder plates that resemble the Scout shoulder piece.


 * In Halo 3, Brutes are able to use machine gun turrets, but only when they are on the stand.


 * In Halo 3, meleeing a Brute Chieftain will stop him from meleeing you for a few seconds as he reels from the blow. If you can continue to melee him, it will kill him.


 * In Halo 2, it is possible to find Brutes wielding human Shotguns. This is the only in-game instance of a Covenant member making use of human weaponry by default.


 * Brutes can be seen worshiping on The Ark, or receiving orders from the Prophet of Truth.


 * In Halo: Contact Harvest the Brutes were seen to be extremely religious and blessed food before they ate it.


 * In Halo 2, shotguns are very ineffective on Brutes, while in Halo 3, they are one of the best weapons to use in combat against them.


 * Though Brute is the UNSC nickname for the Jiralhanae, Elites have been known to refer to them by the same name. This might be due to the Elite's extreme enmity and arrogance towards the Brutes.


 * It is unknown why some Brutes deploy regenerators despite the lack of shielding on their armour.


 * Brutus was the one who betrayed and killed Julius Caesar, and was later hunted down by Rome. This is similar to how the Brutes betrayed the Elites.


 * In the Brute vidoc they can tear off opponents arms, though this is never seen in Halo 3.


 * The man who does the voice of the Brute Chieftains, John DiMaggio, also voices Bender in the cartoon Futurama and Marcus Fenix from Gears of War.


 * The bones located on "Cortana" are believed to be Brute bones.


 * The Brutes were seen as an extremely primitive race by the Prophets and were prohibited from using Forerunner technology up until Halo 2.


 * All the Weapons used by Brutes in Halo 3 have spikes or blades on them.(with the exception of the Fuel Rod Cannon and the Plasma Rifle)
 * In Halo 2, almost all of the brutes have dark brown fur except for Tartarus who has gray fur.
 * The Brutes are very Loyal and do as they are told. They also do what their leader does as explained in the Vidoc Et Tu Brute.